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Making the right financial choices

Making the right financial choices

Written by R. A. Stewart

Think of your life as a jigsaw puzzle and your choices as parts of the jigsaw. You need to make the right choices which fit into your life. A choice which is right for one person may not necessarily be right for another. It is just a matter of discovering your “why” and setting goals.

It is no secret that people make choices which lead to poverty. Smoking, alcohol, drugs, hanging out with the wrong crowd, and frittering away their money are some of the main reasons why many people are poor. 

Lack of financial literacy is at the heart of all of this because someone who has set themselves money goals will become more motivated to give up their vices.

What are the right choices?

That all depends on your passions, skills and talents. 

What gets you up in the morning? What do you look forward to?

The things you have a passion for tend to be the same things you have a talent for. Skills can be developed but if you don’t have any aptitude for a particular then you are better off looking elsewhere for fulfilment.

When I was at school, the boys did woodwork class and the girls did cooking and sewing. I did not have any kind of aptitude for woodwork and was always at the bottom of the class. I think if I had been at the cookery class, I would have found my niche. Some of the girls may have thrived working with tools. As one teacher at high school told us a couple of years later when trying to persuade some guys to take up cooking lessons, “All of the best cooks in the world are men.”

The point being, that when setting money goals, one size does not necessarily fit all. 

What are the differences then?

People have different financial circumstances. Some are married, some are single, some are mature, some are young. It all depends on what your personal goals and your needs are.

Once you have worked out your goals it is just a matter of figuring out how to achieve them.

When deciding on where to invest your money, ask yourself, “What is the purpose of this investment?” Once you know the answer to that you will have a fairer idea of which type of investment suits your aims.

About this article

This article is of the writer’s opinion and may not be applicable to your own personal circumstances therefore discretion is advised. You are welcome to use this article as content for your blog/website or ebook.

Www.robertastewart.com

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The difference between assets and liabilities

ABOUT THIS ARTICLE

Knowing the difference between real assets and real liabilities and then setting your financial goals accordingly can be the difference between getting yourself financially sorted or the poorhouse. It underlines the value of financial literacy in helping achieve your goals.

The difference between assets and liabilities

Written by R. A. Stewart

An asset is something which pays you money while an asset is something that costs you money.

So let’s look at some examples.

Is property an asset or a liability?

Some people may say it is an asset because it is something you own, however, if you owe money on that property and are not getting a return on it then it is a liability because it is costing you money.

Is it an asset if you are receiving rent from that property?

Only if you are making a profit.

Some people would not agree saying, “The property is increasing in value over time.”

Lets not forget there are rates to pay plus maintenance costs and insurance to pay on that property so it could be costing you money in the long term but you will have to sit down and do your homework. 

Other investment times are less complicated such as the sharemarket so lets look at other investment types which are assets. 

Assets

Your retirement fund

Mutual Funds, also known as managed funds

Other investments

Business or farm

Learn to invest your money in items that can be quickly converted back to cash; some investments do not allow you to quickly turn the asset back into cash without jumping through several hoops.

Liabilities

Any item which has money owed on it and this is your form of transport, however there are circumstances where it may be an asset such as if the vehicle is used as a taxi, which therefore makes it an asset as it is producing an income. Such costs and the money owing on the vehicle can be tax deductible. The same applies to any vehicle used in a business.

Even though a vehicle used for work and business purposes may be classed as an asset, the money owed on that vehicle is a liability and will go into the accounts as such.

The reason why so many people are in such a poor financial state is that they borrow for stuff instead of saving for it and therefore pay more for that item in the form of interest payments.

A pet can be classed as a liability if it is costing you an arm and a leg to keep. Think of a dog for example; I read somewhere that it costs $20,000 to keep a dog during its lifetime. That is not just the food but vet bills and the like. A dog can be classed as a liability.

Do a stock take

Before you know where your money is going you need to do a stock take of all your spending.Your number one priority has to be the elimination of debt and plug up those leaks in your spending that is costing you money. In this way you will know where to make savings and redirect that money elsewhere.

Your task needs to be to reduce liabilities which means reducing debt then once you have savings use it to build your wealth. This involves setting goals which will increase your wealth and not send you to the poorhouse.

There are a number of share market platforms where you are able to drip feed money into the markets. Take advantage of these as they are a great way to build your financial literacy.

ABOUT THIS ARTICLE

Accumulating assets instead of liabilities will lead to a more prosperous future. It is vital for investors to know the difference between the two. In this article Robert Stewart explains this difference. Check out his blog at www.robertastewart.com

All the best.

www.robertastewart.com

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Share Market advice for beginners

Beginners Guide to the share market

Written by R. A. Stewart

You do not have to be rich to get involved in the share market these days with online share market platforms such as Sharesies and Hatch which provide a gateway to novice investors.

If you are from a country other than New Zealand or Australia then Robinhood from the States is a share market platform which you can use.

Here are my tips to follow if you are a complete beginner.

Tip 1: Shares go up and down

The value of your shares will fluctuate; that is the nature of the markets. It is important not to focus on your shares but rather on saving and letting the markets take care of itself because if you are strategic with your investments then falling markets will not scare you. 

Tip 2: Know why you are investing

Have a clear plan on what the money’s for. Is it for your retirement, a mortgage, a vehicle, or as a rainy day fund. 

Tip 3: Invest money you can afford to lose

Money which is invested in the share market should only be money which you can fully afford to lose because of the volatile nature of shares, however, you can choose a conservative funds when investing in managed funds. It all depends on your time frame. If the money is needed in the short term then investing in conservative funds will be your best option. 

Tip 4: Know your risk profile

Your risk profile is the level of risk you are prepared for or are willing to take. If you are young you are able to take more risks because you have more time to recover from financial setbacks.

Tip 5: Not a substitute for kiwisaver

Online investing  platforms such as Robinhood, Sharesies, Hatch and the like should not be a substitute for your retirement fund, in New Zealand that is called Kiwisaver)

Tip 5: Not a get rich scheme

Investing in the share market is a long term game; it is not a get rich quick scheme. Don’t be taken in by the stories of those who have made a share market killing because you never get to hear about the losses and it is likely that people who made that killing will spend years trying to make another killing and lose all their gains.

Tip 6: Patience is a virtue

It is time and not timing which is the key to making money in the share market. Patience investors are rewarded handsomely if they stay onboard rather than jump ship during stormy seas.

Tip 6: Do your homework

It is important to do your homework on the various companies you plan to invest in and not just invest haphazardly. The alternative is to invest in managed funds; the fund manager will choose the companies for you.

Tip 7: Take responsibility

Don’t blame anyone for your mistakes, take responsibility for them and learn from them; that way you will become a better investor.

Tip 8: Get right advice

Listen to the right people. Prior to the Global Financial Crisis, some financial experts were saying “The high interest rates do not reflect the higher risk investors of finance companies are taking on.”

Well guess what happened? A number of them folded.

About this article

The information in this article is of the writer’s own opinion and may not be applicable to your own personal circumstances therefore discretion is advised. You may use this article as content for your blog or website.

www.robertastewart.com

Start investing on a shoestring

Sharesies makes it possible for anyone to get into buying and selling shares. It is an online share market platform where you have the option of purchasing shares in individual companies or in various funds (managed/mutual funds). You can even start with $5. This is a no brainer because it gives investors young and not so young the chance to improve their financial literacy. There is certainly no substitute for experience when it comes to learning and this is applicable to everything else, not just investing.

Join sharesies here: https://sharesies.nz/r/377DFM

Disclaimer: I may receive a small sign up bonus if you join sharesies.

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Circuit break your bad spending habits

Circuit break your bad spending habits

Written by R. A. Stewart

Bad spending habits can quickly add up and cost you a small fortune over a period of time. Buying coffees downtown may cost you a fiver but if you are doing it daily then that is $25 per week which you could have used for some other purpose. 

A bad spending habit can be very hard to break so why not use a circuit breaker. That is, decide that you are not going to do this bad habit for 24 hours. See how you go.

Coffees

Have you ever thought about how much you are spending on coffees when you are downtown? Let’s think about it, $5 spent on a coffee + whatever you choose to eat with your coffee adds up to a small fortune. If you are spending $5 on a coffee and $4 on a couple of sandwiches then that is $45 per week. That is assuming you work Monday-Friday. Do the maths and your $45 per week adds up to over 2k per year. If you need to find an extra 2k per year to balance the budget or to go towards your other goals then this is a good starting point.

Eftpos card spending

Using the eftpos card is so convenient, so many of us do it without even thinking about how it is affecting our bank accounts. There is a cost to prolific eftpos use and that is high bank fees at the end of the money. Breaking out of the habit of using our cash instead of cards helps us to understand that it is real money we are spending. Putting a 24 hour halt to our eftpos card use will help us to break this costly habit. 

Buying lunches

This is another area where you can save a bit of money. If you are into the habit of buying your own lunch instead of making it then why not decide that you will not buy your lunch for today. If you can put a circuit breaker on this habit then it may help you to form the habit of making your own lunch.

Credit card spending

If you have a credit card spending habit then the question has to be asked, “Are you living beyond your means?”. I know lots of people who have never owned a credit card yet are on benefits or low paid jobs. Lifestyles can be adjusted according to your level of income but the problem is when you have accumulated debts then all of a sudden have lost your job. If you have made a habit of using your credit card then make a habit of not using it for a day at a time then after a week or two it will become a habit and your finances will be in a better shape. Adopt the motto, “If I don’t have the money I don’t buy it!”.

Gambling

This habit can destroy a family’s financial future. Placing a 24 hour break on all gambling activities will help you to break the habit. Unfortunately, some people are addicted to some forms of gambling. If this is you then, it is time to seek help. 

Internet spending

This is another drain on your finances. Surfing the internet looking for stuff to buy can drain your bank balance. This is money which could have been put toward some investment. 

Alcohol, smoking, and making unnecessary trips in your car are other drains on your finances.

It is not how much money you make which will enable you to get rich, it is how much you save and invest. It is the old saying, “Different outcomes are due to different choices,” therefore if you want a different outcome in your life from what you are experiencing then make different choices.

About this article

The information in this article is of the writer’s own opinion and may not be applicable to your own personal circumstances therefore discretion is advised. You may use this article as content for your blog or website. 

Read my other articles on www.robertastewart.com

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Cost of living crisis affecting retirement savings

Cost of living crisis affecting retirement savings

Written by R. A. Stewart

Thousands of New Zealanders have suspended contributions to their retirement fund due to the cost of living crisis and this will affect them when their retirement comes around.

New Zealand financial adviser Carissa Fairbrother advised people to keep sowing into your kiwisaver whatever your financial circumstances. Look at where else you can make cutbacks because not investing into your Kiwisaver will affect you when you retire.

Kiwisaver is New Zealand’s retirement scheme; it is voluntary, unlike the retirement schemes of other countries which are mandatory.

There is a $520 tax credit per annum for contributions to Kiwisaver but to obtain this investors will need to deposit a minimum of $1040 every year. This is just like getting 50% interest on your money for the first year the money is deposited.

Anyone who is a New Zealand resident can join kiwisaver. There is no upper or lower age limit. People under the age of eighteen or sixty five and over are not eligible for the $520 per year tax credits. It is still a good idea to join kiwisaver despite this for several reasons.

The $520 tax credits or government incentives as they are sometimes called is paid out in July into your Kiwisaver. If you contributed less than $1,040 during the previous year then you will receive 50% of your contributions.

The Kiwisaver year begins on July 1 and ends on June 30. It makes sense to check your contributions during the year and to make sure that you deposited at least $1040 by June 30.

One is it will give the young ones a good start to life as far as savings are concerned and it will also give them a good education in finances. 

For those aged 65 and over, it is still a good idea to keep contributing to your kiwisaver if you are not going to be using it in the short term.

Buying your first home

If you are purchasing your first home you may be able to use some of your kiwisaver for a deposit. It is all the more reason to start saving as early as possible as it will enable you to reach your goals quicker.

There are other circumstances where you may be able to access your Kiwisaver early. These are if you have a terminal illness, you are moving overseas permanently, or due to financial hardship. There are lots of hoops to jump through before you can access your money.

It is all the more important to have a rainy day fund when everything is going well for you and not just fritter away your discretionary spending money because things do go wrong in life.

It is never too late to join Kiwisaver, you can still join even if you are 65, though you are not eligible for the government incentives. It is still worth your while joining. It is a good way to play the share market.

You are never too young to join kiwisaver. You may not be eligible for the government incentives until you are 18 but joining early then having family members make contributions while you are still at school will give you a good financial platform for the future. Who knows, a rich uncle may leave you a sum of money in his will to be deposited into your kiwisaver.

About this article

This article is of the experience and opinion of the writer and may not be applicable to your personal circumstances, therefore discretion is advised. You may use part or all of this article as content for your ebook, website, or blog.

www.robertastewart.com

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5 Factors which determine your risk profile

Factors which determine your Risk Profile:

Written by R. A. Stewart

Your risk profile is the amount of risk you are advised to take with your investments. There are many factors which determine your risk profile with the main one being whether the money you are investing is needed in the short term, medium term, or long term. 

Short term is when you need the money within 12 months

Medium Term is when you need the money within 5 years

Long term is when you need the money in more than five years time

Here are the main factors in determining your risk factor:

Factor 1: Your age

Young people have one thing in their favour which the older ones don’t have and that is time. The young ones have more time to recover from financial setbacks such as a share market crash, a job loss, or whatever, therefore are about to invest in growth funds which can be volatile. Older people need to be a little more conservative. New Zealand financial advisor Frances Cook has a formula for working out what percentage of your portfolio should be in shares; it is this: subtract your age from 100. Even if you are in your twenties that does not mean you should be reckless with your money and invest into some kind of risky venture. 

Factor 2:Your health

Your health is a major factor in determining your risk factor. If you have a health condition which requires or may require expensive medical treatment in the future then investing in growth funds may not be your best option because you do not want to lose your money just when you need it. This does not mean that you should not invest anything in growth funds but just not most of it. It may be a good idea to set up a bank account for those medical bills.

Factor 3: Your Personal Circumstances

Your own personal circumstances need to be taken into account. If you are single with no commitments then you will be able to take more risks with your money than someone who is married with children.

Factor 4: Your Debts

Your debts are a big factor in what you should do with your money. There is no point in investing your money at 5% interest when you are paying 15% interest on your loans. People with debts have a responsibility to pay off their own debts and need to prioritise that before turning their attention to investing. 

Factor 5: Your Temperament

Your temperament is a factor. If you are going to lose sleep at the thought of losing your money; something which can happen if you are investing in the share market, then going for more conservative funds is better for you but when it comes to long term investing such as your retirement fund then investing too conservatively will mean that you will likely end up with a lot less money in the kitty when you retire.

About this article

This article is of the opinion of the writer and may not be applicable to your own personal circumstances, therefore discretion is advised.

You may use this article as content for your blog or ebook. Feel free to share this article with others.

www.robertastewart.com

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Book Review-Your Money, Your Future

Written by R. A. Stewart

There are a number of books on personal finance on the market and one of these is “Your Money, Your Future by New Zealand financial advisor Frances Cook. In this book Frances provides practical advice and tips on managing your finances and how to formulate a strategy for achieving financial independence. There is no size fits all when it comes to designing a life and Frances makes allowances for that. Here are some interesting points from the book which I want to share in this article.

  1. To calculate what percentage of your money should be invested in shares, deduct your age from 100. For example; if your age is 65 then 35% of your money should be in shares. I think that the majority of investors probably have a higher percentage of their money in shares than this formula suggests. It is really a case of your timeline as far as when you are going to use the money.
  2. Putting your money into a savings account may feel safe to some people but over a period of time that money is losing it’s value because of inflation. Your money has to outpace inflation and it won’t do that in a savings account. Only your emergency cash fund should be kept in a savings account and money used for utilities and everyday living costs.
  3. The rule of 72 explains how quickly you can double your money. It goes like this; simply divide 72 by the average rate of return on any investment. If the average return is 7% then it will take you 10 years to double your money (72 divide by 7).

This is the magic of compounding interest. This is all assuming that you do not take your profits but rather allow them to be added to the principal so that you are earning interest on interest.

  1. You cannot beat the market so buy the whole thing! Frances talks about diversification here and explains how this approach beats trying to time the market every time. There is a saying, “Its time and not timing which is the key to making money on the share market.”
  2. Retire to something not from something. Frances points out that life needs to have a purpose otherwise it will be meaningless. You have to have an end goal in sight for when you finish work. Your retirement plan does not have to involve spending, it could be spending more time with the family or gardening.

You may be able to find the book, “Your Money, Your Future” by Frances Cook on Ebay or Amazon if you live outside of New Zealand. In New Zealand, the Trademe auction site may have copies.

I have read a lot of books on investing and this one is one of the best. It contains several gems of advice relating to personal finance. Whatever your personal circumstances are, you will find this book helpful in pointing you in the right direction.

www.robertastewart.com

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5 Ways to Diversify your investments

5 Ways to Diversify your investments

To have a diverse portfolio means to have your money in several places so that if one company or industry is in trouble then income from your other investments should at least minimise the shock.

There are 5 ways to diversify your portfolio. 

Number 1: Invest in several industries

Investing in different kinds of industries protects you from a downturn in one. With the online share market platforms I am with I have investments in a building company, an energy company, a farming retailer, phone company, and a New Zealand milk supplier. This diversification technique minimizes risks and gives me plenty of interest too.

Number 2: Invest in several funds

If you invest in managed funds and that includes everyone who is in Kiwisaver then you will be in various types of funds; growth, balanced, or conservative. The best strategy is to invest in the fund which is right for you and that depends on how soon you need the money. Long term, medium term, and short term money should be in growth, balanced, and conservative funds respectively but it all depends on your risk profile.

Number 3: Invest in different platforms

Most of us have heard of the online investing platforms such as Sharesies, Hatch, Investnow, Kernel Wealth, and Robinhood. Investing in several different platforms will help cushion you against the shock of having one of them fail, and certainly, there is no guarantee that this will not happen. I advise not investing all of your life savings into one online platform.

Number 4: Invest in different asset classes

Investing in different types of asset classes will enable you to withstand a downturn in one class of asset. Investing in fixed term interest, the share market, gold, and property are all different types of assets. It all depends on what the right kind of assets are right for your kind of personal circumstances. 

Number 5:Invest in different companies

This is very important. It is unlikely that all of the companies will fail even though the industry is going through a bad patch. This rule is just as applicable to investing in finance companies for a fixed term return as it is for shares. 

Benefits of Diversification

The number one benefit of diversification is it reduces your portfolio risk. If you placed all of your eggs in the one basket then you could lose it all if that one company went under and it did happen to some investors during the 2008 Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and 1987 Sharemarket crash (Black Monday).

It can be enjoyable for investors to own a little bit of a number of countries. Micro investment platforms such as Sharesies, Hatch, and Robinhood make this affordable for Mum and Dad investors.

Downsides of Diversification

Diversification can be time consuming but then everything worth doing is worth doing well. Investing in managed funds or mutual funds as they are called in the US is an option for busy people. More transaction fees and commissions is another downside to diversification and that could reduce your short term gain.

About this article: This article is of the opinion of the writer and may not be applicable to your personal circumstances, therefore discretion is advised.

 

Sharesies is an accessible and straightforward way to invest in the stock market. You can get started on your investment journey and start building your wealth. However, before making any investment decisions, it is essential to do your research and seek professional advice if necessary.

 Join Sharesies here

Disclaimer: I may receive a small commission if you sign up with Sharesies.

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Entry-Level Job: 4 Must-Know Tips

Entry-Level Jobs 101: 4 Must-Know Tips

For most people, aiming for a higher position at once is the key to job search success. However, for some people who know that in order to succeed in the job market, they have to, literally, start from scratch. This means that people who want to grow positively in the working world; they have to learn the basics and fundamental principles of working, how it is to love the work most people do, and how to establish a good working relationship with his or her colleagues.

 

In order to enjoy all of these, one must submit himself or herself to an entry-level type of job. This refers to a job that requires minimal skills and expertise with no experience requirement needed. 

 

Because of its nature, entry-level jobs are characterized by low salary, require physical work, and sometimes need field work.

 

Most often than not, people who are into entry-level jobs have very low hourly rates and may or may not entail insurance. This would mean that any hospital expenses caused by accidents that happened while the worker is at work may or may not be compensated by the employer, meaning there is no guarantee or whatsoever.

 

What’s more, most entry-level jobs are on a part-time basis. Examples of entry-level jobs are receptionist, apprenticeship, those who are working in a fast food restaurant, customer service, cashiers, etc.

 

Contrary to popular belief, entry-level jobs should not be ignored.  What people do not realize is that entry-level jobs offer more than just low wages. These jobs are the foundation of all other positions available in the job market.

 

In most cases, people who start to work on higher positions right after they graduate from college are easily bored from their work. What is even worse, there is no room available for personal growth and career advancement.

 

Entry-level jobs are the stepping-stone to success in careers. So, for people who wish to grow and be promoted to a higher position, here are some tips that they can use:

 

  1. Workers who are in the entry-level position should show enthusiasm, efficiency, caring, and love for his work.

 

  1. They should master their skills and hone their craft.

 

  1. They should be an expert on customer service.

 

  1. They should know how to impress a customer who happens to be seeking an employee who knows optimum customer service.

 

These are just a few of the qualities that must be employed by an entry-level worker in order to advance to a higher position. And once he reaches the top, he knows that work is definitely something worth valuing for.

Your resume or CV can be the difference between getting the job you want or having your application ignored. If you need help with writing out your resume then check this out

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Avoiding Mistakes with Money

“There are three ways to learn, the hard way, when you learn from your own mistakes, the easy way, when you learn from the mistakes of others, or the tragic way, you never learn and keep making the same mistakes over and over again.”-Brian Houston, Australian televangelist.

Making mistakes with your finances will be very costly. Here are some of the main ones to avoid.

Mistake number one-Spending everything you make

This is a common mistake made by too many people. You can by living within your means and still making this mistake. It is when an unexpected bill arrives that causes a lot of financial pain in households. Having some kind of emergency fund and a savings for the future fund will have you better prepared for financial shocks. 

Mistake number two-Not investing

Not investing any of your savings is a common financial mistake made by financially illiterate people. There are lots of opportunities to sow into your financial future. Joining your country’s retirement scheme is a must do. New Zealand and the United States retirement schemes have their own incentives to encourage members to contribute; make use of these. Share market platforms such as Sharesies in New Zealand and Robinhood in the United States enable investors to drip-feed money into the markets. 

Mistake number three-Not joining your country’s retirement scheme

This is a mistake which I have seen too often and this mistake is usually made with some kind of excuse. In most cases it is not a mistake but rather a choice; one which is going to cause problems later on in life. Most countries have their own retirement scheme and it is up to you to join whichever country you belong to.

Mistake number four-Unwilling to become financially literate

There is really no excuse for not being financially literate with so much material of a financial nature being available on and offline. Much of it is written in an easy to read format. Your local library will contain books which are useful. The internet has a lot of information available. If you have any questions then ask google or chatgpt and see what comes up.

Mistake number five-Not taking responsible for your own finances

Some people like to blame others for their own mistakes instead of taking responsibility for them. Take advice then make your own decisions. Once a decision has been made, take responsibility for them. 

Mistake number six-Hanging out with the wrong crowd

Spending too much time with the wrong people will hinder you in life. They will have some kind of influence on your lifestyle and this in turn will affect the decisions you make. You need to spend time with intellectually stimulating people. You are the average of the five people you spend most of your time with.

Mistake number seven-Impatience with money

Developing your own financial strategy requires patience. Those who are impatient will seek shortcuts such as playing the lottery or some other get rich quick scheme. AS a result many people lose a lot of money in their attempts to make a lot of money in a short time. The Share market is a long term game and requires patience.

Matter of choice

What you do with your money is a matter of choice and all of the mistakes in this article can be described as such. You make your choices and your choices make you.

About this article: This article is of the experience of the writer and may not be applicable to your own personal circumstances.

www.robertastewart.com