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Diversification and what it is

How to diversify 

Written by Robert A. Stewart

Diversification is a term we often come across in the investment industry but what does this really mean for the Mum and Dad investor and how can the ordinary investor profit from diversification? Here is an article written in simple language which everyday investors can understand.

Diversification in the share market

What it is and how you can make it work for you

Diversify, diversify, diversify are terms you will come across in the world of investments so what does it mean and how can you make it work to grow your wealth?

When someone says you should diversify your investments what is meant is that your investments are spread out among different companies and sectors in order to reduce your risk.

An investor may have shares in a phone company, a power company, a bank, an insurance company and so on.

This kind of diversification was once beyond the means of the average investor because one had to purchase at least $3,000 worth of each share just to make it viable because of the broker’s commission on each buy and sell transaction.

Not any more!

Online share market trading platforms such as Sharesies in New Zealand and Robinhood in the US have opened the way for anyone of any means to get involved in the markets. These platforms enable anyone to build up their financial literacy on a shoestring. There are lots of other online investment platforms similar to Sharesies and Robinhood which gives you a wide choice. 

With sharesies the minimum investment you can make is $5 but with Kernel Wealth, another online investment platform in New Zealand the minimum investment is $100. This is just an example of different rules for different companies.

Mum and Dad investors can buy into a range of diverse companies on a shoe string with sharesies and robin hood which in the long term is good for those astute enough to participate.

Investing in individual companies is not the only way to build up a diverse portfolio; the other way is investing in managed funds or as it is referred to in the States, Mutual Funds. 

When buying into these funds you are combining your money with other investors to purchase units  in the funds. Fund managers will purchase shares in a range of companies on your behalf.

The level of risk can vary depending on the industry which the fund manager invests your money.

These investments are generally referred to as Growth Funds which has the potential to grow your savings but at a higher risk. 

Those investors who want a mixture of high risk and low risk funds will invest in what is called Balanced funds. This is a combination of growth and balanced funds. Investors may have the option of choosing which percentage of their investment they would like in growth or conservative funds..

Diversification is an excellent wealth building strategy for the average investors who wants to create a nest egg for the future. It is a matter knowing what you want to achieve with your investments and investing accordingly.

About this article

This article is based on the writer’s experience and may not be applicable to your personal circumstances therefore discretion is advised. You are welcome to use this article as content for your ebook or website. Feel free to share this article. 

www.robertastewart.com

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Financial Windfalls

Financial Windfalls

What it is

Written by R. A. Stewart

A windfall is a large amount of money you didn’t expect to receive. It could be $200, $1000, and more. It is an amount of money which was not budgeted for because it arrived unexpectedly. Unless you have mastered the art of financial discipline there is a risk that this good fortune will be frittered away with no improvement in your financial situation. It is important therefore that you have a plan for any unexpected cash that comes your way. In this article I will take a look at some of the more common forms of windfall and explain how best to take advantage of them.

Types of Windfalls

There are various types of windfalls, they could be:

An Inland Revenue refund

An inheritance of money or property

Lottery winnings

Gift from a rich relative

Life insurance payout

Employee bonus

These are just some of the kinds of unexpected windfalls one may receive during their lifetime. It is important not to pin all of your hopes of a financial miracle on a windfall if you are in some kind of financial mess. There is no substitute for diligence. Most of the windfalls are the result of living a responsible, diligent life; for example you are not going to receive a tax refund or an employee bonus if you are not working.

As for a lottery win; one must understand that for every one that gains a windfall in this way, there are many thousands who do not. It is a case of thousands contributing money into the pool but only a few taking out. This is luck! The amount of money lost by each individual lottery player is equal or in most cases greater than what one considers a large windfall.

How to take advantage of a windfalls

Gaining a windfall is one thing but taking advantage of it is another. People who come into a sum of money unexpectedly will follow the same pattern of behavior with any windfall as they do when they receive their pay packet…

Those who are spenders will spend it, those who are savers will save it, and those who are investors will invest it.

The end result will be that they will be in the same financial position as they were before  they received their windfall.

Is a Financial Windfall Discretionary Spending Money?

That all depends on your personal financial situation.

The answer is “No” if…

You have consumer debt.

You have credit card debt.

You have a student loan to pay back.

You have some other debt.

Even a mortgage.

The answer is “Yes” if…

You have absolutely no debt.

Money obtained from a financial windfall is discretionary spending money if you have no debt but that does not mean that you should just go and fritter it all away. Windfall money can be used to strengthen an already solid financial situation. One way you can do this is make voluntary deposits into your retirement fund or to put it toward your emergency fund.

About this article

This article is of the opinion of the writer and may not be applicable to your personal circumstances therefore, discretion is advised.

www.robertastewart.com

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Investing for seniors

 

Written by R. A. Stewart

 

Your age is a crucial factor in establishing your savings and investing strategy. Your 20s, 30s, 40s, and 50s are your savings years. It is these years when you build up your assets. 

Your 60s and 70s can be considered your spending years. It is when you tick off items on your bucket list while you are able to.

That does not mean that you do not have to work, a lot of older people are taking this option, not because they cannot make ends meet on their pension, but because they enjoy what they are doing.

In New Zealand, retirees will have access to their kiwisaver account once they reach the age of 65. Money invested in kiwisaver will be in growth, balanced, or conservative funds. Most people during their working life opt for growth or balanced funds.

It is time to decide whether to stay with the status quo or invest in more conservative funds. 

Your age and your health are the two most important factors in deciding which fund to invest your money in. 

Older people do not have time on their side to overcome financial setbacks such share market falls and so forth, therefore if you are 60+ it is a good idea to lean toward more conservative investments but still retain some exposure to risk.

It is worth mentioning at this point that New Zealand financial advisor and writer Frances Cook has a formula for calculating how much exposure you should have based on your age, and it is this…

Subtract your age from 100.

If for example you are aged 60 then only 40% of your portfolio should be invested in the share market.

I do not necessarily agree with this formula and my exposure to the share market is more than her formula suggests I have.

However, that is a personal choice; one that I do not necessarily recommend to you because your circumstances will be different as they are for different people.

If you are connected to the internet and you have a lot of spare cash in your account then I suggest that you place most of your money into an account that is not connected to internet banking. This is to reduce your chances of becoming a victim of internet scammers. 

With internet banking being the norm, this could be difficult in the future though.

In any case I still believe that it will pay to arrange your finances so that if you fall victim to a scammer then not all of your money will be lost. 

Don’t leave all of your money in the one account for goodness sake as some victims of scammers have.

If you are traveling then make sure you don’t have access to your life savings because if you do then so will be a scammer if they manage to get hold of your login details.

Scammers have all kinds of ways to trick people into handing over their login details.

Anyone can be a victim so don’t be proud by saying “I am not that stupid.”

As you get older you will have to invest more conservatively; that does not necessarily mean transferring from growth to conservative funds but investing some of your current savings into low risk accounts. The deciding factor is your timeline. How soon you need the money and funds which are going to be used within 12 months are best invested conservatively.

 

www.robertastewart.com

 

ABOUT THIS ARTICLE

This article is of the opinion of the writer and may not be applicable to your personal circumstances. Feel free to share this article. You may also use this article for your website/blog or as content for your ebook.

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Impersonating bank scam warning!

Impersonating bank scam warning!

A scam operating on the internet which involves impersonating well-known New Zealand financial adviser Frances Cook is contacting Ms Cook’s followers on social media. Those who comment on her content will receive a message from the scammer or scammers. Frances has 150,000 followers on twitter and the scammers will contact her followers with some offer. Frances will never message you with some offer or try to convince you to purchase cryptocurrency. With so many twitter profiles of Frances Cook it is hard to know who the real Frances Cook is.

It is the same old story of doing your due diligence.

Online banking scams the new norm

It is no secret that online banking scams are costing New Zealanders millions of dollars per annum and with technology such as artificial intelligence coming on the scene scammers have new ways of scamming people. It is important to put rules in place to prevent you from being a victim of a scam. Here is a list of rules to follow. You may have others that you could add to this list or may come up with others at a later date.

Don’t s

  1. Don’t use a common password such as your pet’s name or the name of your home town.
  2. Don’t sign in through a link in your email but instead type out the bank’s website address in the URL bar.
  3. Don’t save your password to your device.
  4. Don’t use the same email address your your banking as you do with a dating website.
  5. Don’t click on any banking links in your email
  6. Don’t link your debit card to your everyday account

 about

  1. Don’t have your wages go into your debit card
  2. Don’t just leave thousands of dollars in your ordinary savings account but put it in a separate account or bank that is not linked to the internet.
  3. Don’t click on any unfamiliar links in your email.
  4. Don’t use the same password for different accounts

Do’s

  1. Do be sceptical when you are offered an investment opportunity online.
  2. Do keep your financial affairs private apart from your own bank.
  3. Do ask for financial advice if you suspect something is not quite right.

4 Do change your passwords now and again.

  1. Do ensure you have 2 factor authentication in place for extra security
  2. Do invest your money in several places for extra protection.

About this article: The information in this article may not be applicable to your personal circumstances therefore discretion is advised.

www.robertastewart.com

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Dumb Debt can destroy your financial future!

The quickest way to a financial mess is to borrow for stuff that loses it’s value. You not only pay more for such items but the item is worth less than when you acquired it because it is no longer new once you take possession of it and therefore you will receive less than what you paid for it. This is called “Dumb Debt.”

Avoiding Dumb Debt at all costs

Written by R. A. Stewart

Everyone has seen the television commercials with slogans such as “Buy now pay later,” and the like.

you do not need to save your money to buy that new car, a wide screen TV, that latest smartphone, or a holiday in a tropical island when you can have all these things now. 

Instant gratification is a very expensive habit; one that will lead you to a life of financial challenges.

There have been misleading statements in some of the advertising; one I saw read, “Helping you to get ahead.”

That kind of slogan suggests that  the finance company is doing borrowers a favour which is far from the truth.

Loan sharks and finance companies thrive on financial ignorance; a person with even a basic grounding in personal finance will avoid loan sharks as if they had tested positive for covid.

One should ascertain whether the item is a want or a need before signing on the dotted line. 

Many people go into debt because they want to live a champagne lifestyle on a lemonade budget just to impress their friends. They are not happy with living modestly. 

An expensive lifestyle is costly in the long run. 

The parable of the prodigal son is a perfect example. Here was a young man who blew his inheritance on wasteful living and ended up living in poverty due to his lifestyle.

He not only blew his inheritance but was most likely living on credit.

It is borrowing that really kills off a person’s chances of financial success. That interest rate is dead money; it is the cost of borrowing.

Paying interest on stuff you have bought on credit adds to the cost of it and the value of a lot of stuff bought on credit is worth less as soon as you take possession of it.

“If you don’t have the money you don’t buy it,” is a simple philosophy to adopt.

What you think you cannot live without is something others have learned to live without. 

It all comes down to the choices we make.

There are some circumstances when it may be wise to borrow such as when the value of the item you are purchasing is going to make it financially worth your while such as a student loan. This may or may not mean you will get a good paying job but you must be absolutely clear that it is what you want to do otherwise the course will be a total waste of money.

ABOUT THIS ARTICLE

Feel free to use this article as content for your website, blog, or ebook. Check out my other articles on www.robertastewart.com

Disclaimer: The information in this article may not be applicable to your personal circumstances therefore discretion is advised. I may receive a small commission if you make a purchase from any of the links you click on.

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The averaging system for shares

The averaging system for shares

Averaging is a term which has been used by share market followers over the years. This is when an investor buys several shares in the same company over a period of time and the average price which was paid per share may be higher or lower depending on which direction the share price is going.

Here is an example of one New Zealand company, Fletcher Building beginning with January 4, 2023. The first three days of the year were public holidays so January 4 was used as the starting date and every seven days after that.

Date Share Price

4/1 4.71

11/1 4.90

18/1 5.06

25/1 5.11

1/2 5.25

8/2 5.46

15/2 5.07

22/2 4.81

1/3 4.71

8/3 4.65

15/3 4.50

Now let us assume that you had purchased Fletcher Building shares on each of these dates, investing the same amount of money. You would simply add up the totals of these prices and divide the answer by 11. That is the average price you paid for the share. In this case the average price you would have paid for Fletcher Building shares would have been $4.93 if you had bought them every week. 

We all know that shares go up and down so drip feeding shares into the market in this way will ensure that you have bought shares at a lower price when they are down as well as when they are on an upward trend.

Online trading platforms such as Sharesies and Robinhood make this process easy. If you have more money to spend you may want to choose two or more companies per year to invest in using this system.

As with other investment strategies you need to ask the question  “Where does this fit in with my financial goals?”

About this article

You may use this article as content for your ebook or web page. The information may not be applicable to your personal circumstances so discretion is advised.

Start investing on a shoestring

Sharesies makes it possible for anyone to get into buying and selling shares. It is an online share market platform where you have the option of purchasing shares in individual companies or in various funds (managed/mutual funds). You can even start with $5. This is a no brainer because it gives investors young and not so young the chance to improve their financial literacy. There is certainly no substitute for experience when it comes to learning and this is applicable to everything else, not just investing.

Join sharesies here: https://sharesies.nz/r/377DFM

 

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The Art of Averaging 

INTRODUCTION

Investors must realize that investing in the markets has its ups and downs (literally) that it is important to keep it all into the right perspective if investments do not go your way. There is a method of playing the markets in a way that you can take advantage of the market drops. 

The Art of Averaging 

Averaging is a term one may come across in the markets now and again; what this refers to is the average price paid for a particular share if you had bought shares in that particular company.

To calculate the average price paid for a particular share you add up the total amount you have paid for the shares and divide that by the number of shares you have bought in that company. 

The answer is the average amount that you have paid per share.

Try this mathematical question:

There are five numbers 10, 20, 30, 40, 50

What is the average number?

The calculation: 

Add up the five numbers:  10 + 20 + 30 + 40 + 50 = 150

Divide the total of the five numbers (150) by 5

150 divided by 5 = 30 (answer)

You can do this easily with a calculator.

There are so many share trading platforms available these days that investing directly into the sharemarket has never been easier for the ordinary man and women.

So how does averaging work?

If you purchase stock at regular intervals you will pay different prices for each stock because share prices go up and down. Imagine if you bought something at the supermarket last week at the full price then bought the same item this week on special. The average price you paid for the item will be somewhere between the higher price and the lower price.

The sharemarket works like that. By purchasing a particular stock at regular intervals you will manage to pick up some shares in it when the price is lower. This is the advantage of saving regularly. 

In fact I think there is a case for purchasing more shares when the price is low. The average price paid per share is determined by calculations as explained earlier. 

The averaging strategy can also be used in cryptocurrency investing. 

Bitcoin is more volatile than the sharemarket so an astute investor who has an eye for a bargain can invest when the price has dropped.

There are so many share trading platforms available that playing the markets is accessible to everyone. I have joined two of them in New Zealand. Most countries have share trading platforms available. Signing up for them is easy; you require some form of identification. Just follow the directions and you are all set up.

TO SUMMARISE

Playing the markets requires a positive mindset and a cool head. If you have these you can profit from falling markets. Averaging is a method that takes advantage of falling markets. 

ABOUT THIS ARTICLE

Robert Stewart has a blog with other articles of a finance nature. Visit www.robertastewart.com Feel free to post this article on to your site, use it as part of your ebook, share it, print it, even sell it.

 

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Timing the Market

Would you have been much better off if you had timed it just right?
2022 has not been a good experience for investors with some commentators saying that the first six months of the year has been the worst six month period for at least 50 years.
A little over 5% of the funds in New Zealand have shown a positive return during the six months to June 2022 according to research house Morningstar but what we do not know is what type of fund this 5% had invested in because it is almost certain that if they had been invested in growth funds then they would have joined the other 95% of funds which have shown a negative return.
So are you able to time the market perfectly every time?
The short answer is “No.”
The reason why this is so is that the odds of getting it right every single time is stacked against you.
If there was a method of timing the market perfectly every time then someone would have discovered it by now and you can guarantee that they are not going to share their secret with everyone.
we all have an opinion of some kind n what the markets will do; at the end of the day the markets are driven by market sentiment.
One cannot expect to be an expert on the markets overnight; it is no different to being knowledgeable about anything else. It all takes time and a bit of reading but knowledge does not involve just reading and listening; it involves doing. That is, investing; there is no better teacher than your own personal experience.
Warren Buffett recommends against obsessing over finding a perfect time to buy a stock.
“Don’t worry about what the market is doing or might do, or what the economy is going to do,” says Buffet. “Instead, think about the things you can control. Why am I investing? When do I need to use the money? Then set up an investment plan for your personal circumstances-because your goals can’t wait, but emotive headlines can.”
There is no doubt that investors jump on a bandwagon when a particular stock is rising.
The market is driven by emotion but whether a particular stock will rise or fall is not the only consideration. There is the matter of taxation. If stocks are held for a short period then sold your tax status may have changed to a trader but this area is a bit murky. A capital gains tax is in force in some countries so some of your gains could be reduced by a tax liability.

from time to time you might read of stories of investors who made a killing by timing the market just right but you never hear of the occasions of when these same investors who tried the same thing since and got their fingers burned. Greed eventually gets the better of speculators.
Timing the market correctly can sometimes be down to luck and that’s something to keep in mind if you see an advert from some guru who made a one time killing. Anyone can achieve a one off success but it is doing it consistently which is the problem. It is for this reason why spreading your investment among various forms of assets is the best way forward.
ABOUT THIS ARTICLE
You may use this article as content for your ebook or website. Feel free to share this post on social media.
www.robertastewart.com
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Now is a good time to join kiwisaver if you have not already

Now is a good time to join kiwisaver if you have not already

Written by R. A. Stewart

It is a good time to join kiwisaver if you are young and just starting out in the world. If you are over 30 and have not already joined kiwisaver then why not? Kiwisaver is the New Zealand retirement scheme. If you are in work you will get the equivalent of 3% of your gross wages from your employer deposited into your kiwisaver account. 2%, 4%, or 8% (you choose) of your gross wages will be deposited into kiwisaver and deducted from your pay. You can also make voluntary contributions to your kiwisaver account. This is an option used by those who are self employed or not in work.

The government’s contribution to your kiwisaver is what makes this a no-brainer. You will receive $520 of government money into your kiwisaver account but you need to invest at least $1040 to receive the full $520 otherwise the government contribution is 50% of your contribution. This is per annum; in other words you need to invest at least $1040 into your kiwisaver account per annum to receive $520 of government money every year.

The Kiwisaver year begins on July 1 and ends June 30 the following year. If you are on part time work and it looks as though your kiwisaver contributions are going to be less than $1040, you can make voluntary contributions to ensure your own contributions reach $1040.

In order to take advantage of the falling share prices you need to be in a growth fund or have some portion of your portfolio in a growth fund, otherwise called a balanced fund. If you are in a conservative fund then you are going to miss out on the market rebound. Financial experts will tell you that if you are in a growth fund then you need to leave it invested for at least five years. That way, if the market falls during this time there will be time for it to recover and recoup any losses which it has to be said are only paper losses.

Money which is needed for the short term such as a holiday abroad next year is considered short to medium term money. If you had this money invested in a growth fund you may find that your spending money for your trip has been depleted therefore, to reduce this from happening investing in something less risky is an option taken by a lot of holidaymakers even though the return on this money is less than the inflation rate.

If you are prepared to take the risk then you might consider investing your short term money in growth funds in the hope of increasing your capital but it is important to understand that whenever there is an opportunity for capital gain then there is a chance for capital loss.

It cannot be stressed enough that it takes a cool head to live through the ups and downs of the sharemarket and be relaxed about it. One thing you can always bank on is that the sharemarket will go up and down. It is important to have a strategy in place to take this into account.

Diversification minimizes your risk. Diversification is when you spread your investment among several companies. One company might fall over but not the whole lot.

Some may argue that if you plunge all your money in one stock then you will make a killing; that is true, but you never hear of those who tried that and lost. If you are going to do that then it should be done independently of your main investments rather than risk your retirement savings going down the drain.

ABOUT THIS ARTICLE

The information in this article is of the writer’s own opinion and may not necessarily apply to your personal circumstances. You are advised to seek professional financial advice if you require assistance. You may use this article as content for your ebook or website. Check out my other articles on www.robertastewart.com

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Crypto-scams on the rise

Crypto-scams on the rise

Written by R. A. Stewart

A newspaper article appearing in the Christchurch press headlined, “Cyber-scams cost Kiwis $3.7m highlighted the dangers posed by those who are investing in online share market, crypto, or NFT platforms. The $3.7m refers to the amount lost to these types of scams in just the first three months of the year.

The sudden rise in popularity of NFT’s (non-fungible tokens) is a contributing factor in the rise of scams.

Cryptocurrency scams are increasing according to the article but not to the same extent as those scams relating to NFTs.

NFTs are unregulated and expensive and payment was difficult to reverse. 

The fear of missing out has created a demand for crypto and NFTs which has resulted in many investors investing in something which promised a great return only for it to be just a scam.

The article gave this great advice which really is applicable to all kinds of investments whether it is online or offline and that is to do your due diligence. 

As far as cryptocurrency goes, due diligence means searching the name of the investment with the words “scam alert”, or searching the FMA warning and alerts page.

Another important thing is to not feel pressured in anything. If you are told to invest within a short time or you will miss out then don’t bother because the promoters of such a scheme are only trying to take advantage of the “Fear of missing out,” mentality in you.

A phishing scam is the most reported scam. It is when you receive an email from someone posing as a trusted site or business in order to gain your personal details. They ask for your log in details and use it to gain access to your accounts. Different strategies may be used and one is when you receive an email asking you to verify your account. When you register for a site you are asked to verify it within 24 hours of joining. If you receive an email asking you to verify your account months after you registered then be wary and do not click on the link provided.

It is also a good idea when registering with a crypto or NFT site to use an email address which is different from your personal one and certainly do not use the same one you would normally use for your banking or online auctions.

As far as banking goes; do not use your main debit card for crypto trading but rather a separate one because of the risks of hacking. Even with all of your own due diligence, there is also the possibility that the crypto exchange website with all of your banking details will get hacked and that is out of your control. It is up to each investor to do their own homework and take responsibility for their own decisions. That way you have only yourself to blame if you lose your money.

ABOUT THIS ARTICLE

Feel free to share this article. You may use this article as content for your website or ebook. Read my other articles on www.robertastewart.com

DISCLAIMER: Please note, this article is not intended as financial advice but rather the opinion and experience of the writer. Caution is advised when investing in cryptocurrency or NFTs.

www.robertastewart.com