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The P/E Ratio Explained and Why it matters

Written by R. A. Stewart

The P/E Ratio is a useful tool for calculating a particular share’s performance. P/E stands for Price to Earnings Performance. This tool is a useful guide because it tells us whether a particular share is overvalued or undervalued.

The P/E Ratio is found by dividing the current share price of the company by the dividend per share.

If the company’s share price was $5 and the dividend per share was $1 then the P/E ratio would be 20. 

A company might base its P/E ratio on what it has earned in the past (trailing P/E) or what they expect its earnings to be in the future (forward P/E Ratio).

A higher PE ratio indicates that investors are willing to pay a higher share price today compared to its current earnings.

A lower P/E ratio might be a sign that investors are less willing to pay a higher price for the share compared to its current earnings.

It is important not to get sucked in by a value trap-some companies offer what appear bargains but it is really a sign of financial instability.

A negative P/E ratio means that the company has made a loss. This could be due to expansion-that is when the company sacrifices profits to invest in the company.

However, when a company consistently has a negative P/E ratio it runs the risk of bankruptcy.

Making your investment choices

Which is better, Higher or lower?

Some investors prefer investing in a company with a higher P/E ratio due to its potential for growth while others go for companies with a lower P/E ratio on the grounds that the market has undervalued these companies. A combination of both is often used by investors.

Financial experts say, “You should only compare apples with apples when comparing different companies, P/E ratio.” In other words, only compare it with stocks in similar industries. That being said, if a stock has a higher P/E ratio than its competitors it could indicate that the market believes that it has higher growth prospects than its competitors.

A factor which needs to be considered by investors is that past performance is no guarantee of future performance. There are other factors to consider. A company may have a good year but that may be due to a one off event such as a selling off of assets. The same applies in reverse, a company may have shown a one off loss due to investment into the business.

To Summarise

The P/E ratio is the proportion of a company’s share price in relation to its earnings per share. To work out the earnings per share Divide the stock price by the earnings per share.

About this article

The views expressed in this article are of the writer’s own experience and knowledge and may not be applicable to your personal circumstances, therefore discretion is advised. You may use this article as content for your blog/website or ebook.

Check out my other articles on www.robertastewart.com

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3 Habits which can make you rich

3 Habits which can make you rich

Written by R. A. Stewart

“You don’t have to be rich to invest but you have to invest to be rich.”-Unknown

Forget the lottery, here are three habits that can make you rich beyond your wildest dreams. It does not matter how old you are, how much money you currently have in the bank, or whether you have any experience at investing. If you can look beyond your own personal circumstances and develop these three habits then you are well on your way to financial success. 

So you may be wondering what is the magic formula for financial success?”

Number one habit to develop is:

The Habit of Saving.

Simple, isn’t it. You simply spend less than you make and whatever is leftover is your excess.

All of us have an ordinary savings account where our payment from whatever source goes into. This really should be named a spending account because we spend money from this account using our bank card. It is a good idea to transfer money into another account which is used for saving up for whatever it is we are saving for and this account should not be linked to internet banking where scammers are able to access it.

Saving money gives you financial security and enables you to cover the unforeseen emergencies which crop up from time to time. Medical and dental emergencies, car and household appliance repairs can be expensive so having savings behind you cushions you against these kinds of shocks.

Saving also enables you to reach your financial goals and helps you to become wealthy.

The Habit of Investing

Most people are able to save something from their pay packet but comparatively few people invest that money. For those people their savings becomes spending money. In the end these people have nothing to show for their years of toil and their options are limited due to their lack of finances. 

Investors on the other hand have more options available to them later in life because finances are not a problem. 

The habit of investing also increases your financial literacy which in turn helps you to make better choices when deciding on where to invest your money. 

This reduces financial stress, increases your independence, and prepares you for retirement.

The Habit of Reading

Reading books increases your knowledge. The habit of reading books of a financial nature will increase your financial literacy. It is a fact that most people are not financially literate. They may know how to negotiate loans and how to get a credit card but people who are intelligent do not purchase stuff on credit because they know that it only means paying more for whatever they are buying.

You do not have to spend too much money buying books when your local library has good books available. You might also pick up some good books at your local charity store.

On the internet you can find lots of useful information on personal finance. Ask chatgpt to provide some answers to any questions you have or go to quora.com which is a question and answer site. You need a gmail address to register with quora.

About the article

The information in this article is of the opinion and experience of the writer and may not be applicable to your personal circumstances, therefore discretion is advised. You may use this as content for your website or ebook.

Read my other articles on www.robertastewart.com

Investing with Sharesies is an accessible and straightforward way to invest in the stock market. By following these steps, you can get started on your investment journey and start building your wealth. However, before making any investment decisions, it is essential to do your research and seek professional advice if necessary.

 Join Sharesies here

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Book Review: Rich Dad Poor Dad 

 

Written by R. A. Stewart

Rich Dad Poor Dad by Robert Kiyosaki is one of the best selling finance books of all time. It tells the story of two Dads in his life, his biological father who he called “Poor Dad” and his friend’s father, who he called “Rich Dad.” 

His Poor Dad worked diligently all of his life but could not get ahead, his Rich Dad was smarter with his money and was rich. The Rich Dad mentored Robert and helped him become financially literate.

It is not how much money you make but rather what you do with it after you make it and that is the basic theme in this book.

 

In the book, Robert focuses on getting rich through financial literacy, investing, and entrepreneurship.

The most important lesson is to know the difference between assets and liabilities. Kiyosaki reminds readers several times throughout the book the importance of building up your assets and minimizing your liabilities in order to build up your financial portfolio. He makes the point that many people mistakenly think they are acquiring assets when in fact they are accumulating liabilities. A perfect example is of a house which though it may be a family’s biggest purchase during their lifetime is a liability because it costs money to keep and maintain.

Kiyosaki also stresses the importance of a financial education and claims that the education system does not teach financial literacy to the detriment of children.

The book also explains the concept of having money work for you instead of working for money. Poor Dad had the working man’s mindset of working a set number of hours per week for money while the Rich Dad focuses on acquiring and building assets which generate an income.

Writing Style

Robert Kiyosaki writes in a way as though he is a mentor to his readers rather than if he was simply writing a textbook which resonates with so many readers.

The book has had its critics though, one is that it is too simplistic with not enough actionable advice on how to create and build wealth. It has also been criticized for focusing on financial gain and little emphasis on the social or environmental impacts of wealth building. 

Kiyosaki’s dismissal of education does not resonate with everyone who values the education system. He does highlight the shortcomings of the education system, but his message is not going to go down well with parents who are trying to encourage their children to focus on their school work.

Conclusion

Rich Dad Poor Dad is certainly a very good book as far as improving your financial literacy is concerned, but the information needs to be applied according to your personal circumstances. I have no hesitation in recommending Rich Dad Poor Dad as a must read for anyone wishing to get ahead in life.

About this article: You may use this article as content for your blog/website. Feel free to share this article with others.

Check out my other articles on www.robertastewart.com

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The Art of Diversification

The Meaning of Diversification

Written by R. A. Stewart

Diversification is a word that you will hear in investment circles, particularly when investing in the share market, but what exactly does it mean?

To put it in plain language, Diversification is when you divide all of your money between different asset classes and companies. Your total portfolio may be x amount of dollars; an astute investor will invest a certain amount in power companies, a certain amount in banks, a certain amount in insurance companies, and so on.

We often hear of horror stories whenever a company folds and the one that crops up is that investors lost their entire savings in the one company. Big mistake!

That is leaving all of your eggs in the one basket because you do not know what kind of misfortune will hit any particular company.

Government regulations and the economic cycle are out of the control of the company. 

Then there are trends which will have some influence over the bottom line.

There is no guarantee that whatever occurred in the past will repeat itself in the future.

Investment platforms such as Sharesies, Hatch, and Kernel Wealth in New Zealand and Robin Hood in the US enable the ordinary man and woman in the street to invest with a minimum amount of money. This provides an excellent education tool for people who are willing to increase their financial literacy by taking part in the share market.

There is another method of diversification and that is by investing in managed funds or as they are described in the US, Mutual Funds. This is where your money is combined with that of other investors. It is a case of safety in numbers.

Managed Funds provide investors with three options, Growth Funds, Balanced Funds, and Conservative Funds.

Growth Funds are higher risk, higher growth stocks aimed at long term investors. That is investors who are investing for 10 years or more. The reason why they are more suitable for long term investors is because they have more time to recover from a market meltdown, which is more liable to happen with growth funds. The young ones are more suited to Growth Funds because they have more time to recover from a share market crash.

Conservative Funds are safer with investors unlikely to see the kind of falls occurring in the growth funds but the flip side is that an investment in conservative funds will not grow as fast.

Financial advisors in New Zealand have often stated that young people should invest their retirement savings in growth funds to maximise returns. 

Balanced Funds are a combination of Growth and Conservative Funds. They basically give you the best of both worlds.

Diversification does not mean that you should choose an online investment platform such as Sharesies or Robinhood and invest your whole life savings there. The reason is because there have been instances in the US when these types of online platforms have folded.

Some readers may say, “I know/read about an investor who put all of their money in one company and made a killing.”

My answer to that is, “Greed gets the better of people such as this in the end,”

What is likely to happen is that they will try the same thing again and again and give all of their previous gains back plus a whole lot more.

When you hear stories of so and so making a killing, what you do not hear about are those who tried the same thing and lost all of their money.

Be sensible with your money and you will reap a harvest in the end.

About this article

The contents of this article is of the writer’s own experience and opinion and may not be applicable to your personal circumstances, therefore, discretion is advised. You may use this article as content for your blog/website or ebook.

Read my other articles on www.robertastewart.com

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People you should not take Money advice from

Written by R A Stewart

Have you heard of the donkey story where an old man and his grandson were walking the donkey along the street?

If not here is the story:

An old man and his grandson were leading a donkey as they were walking along the road. A bystander said to them, “Why don’t you both get on the donkey and ride it?”

So they both rode the donkey but further down the road the second bystander said, “Hey look at that poor donkey having to carry two people; that is cruelty.”

So the boy got off the donkey and led it along the road while the old man rode it but further down the road, a third bystander said, “look at that poor boy having to walk while that old man is riding the donkey.”

So the old man got off the donkey and his grandson got on, however further down the road, a fourth bystander said, “Look at that poor old man, walking along the road while the lad is riding the donkey.”

So the boy got off the donkey and they both continued their journey as they both led the donkey on foot.

What is the moral of this story?

The short answer is that people can take away your power to think for yourself if you allow them to.

If you have a bit of money to spare there will always be people who think they know what you should do with it and a lot of these people have little or no savings of their own.

Here is an example:

I know someone who years ago made a fortune on sports betting. He turned a few hundred dollars into over thirty grand. In the early stages when he had about six grand his colleagues at work were giving him advice and one was to use the six grand for a deposit on a car. I told him that not only would he be back to square one but he would also have a debt to pay. 

He was sensible enough to ignore stupid advice like that. I did however, tell him that he should at least invest enough into his Kiwisaver account to get the government incentives.

Financial illiteracy is common which means it is vitally important to read books on personal finance and pick the brains of the authors rather than allowing random individuals to infect your mindset.

A bad attitude towards money can be a hindrance of wealth. I once said to a lady that her daughter should attend financial seminars when she is older in order to meet successful men. (She was 9 or 10 at the time). She said, “Men like that are selfish and stingy.”

I suppose if you are a gold digger you would think like that. I mean “who needs financial advice when you can just get a man”

It is worth remembering that some of the best financial writers are women, such as Frances Cook and Mary Holm. They strongly encourage women to take responsibility for their finances rather than just have a man as their financial plan.

The young people may not be your best source of financial advice either because they do not have the experience of investing like the older generation. 

One of the things which the financially illiterate say to reinforce their opinions is “You can’t take it all with you.”

That may be true, however, during one’s lifetime, there are life changing events which require savings. Here is a list:

Flatting 

Buying a car

Going on your Big OE

Further education

Saving for a house

Marriage

Children

Retirement 

Responsible people will get into the habit of saving from a very young age in order to be able to finance whatever crops up during their lifetime when they have the ability to do so. Stupid people will fritter away their discretionary spending money so that when a rainy day comes they have money squirrelled away for something to fall back on.

About this article

You may use this article as content for your ebook, website, or blog. The opinions in the article are of the writer’s own opinion and may not be applicable to your own personal circumstances therefore discretion is advised,

www.robertastewart.com

https://www.robertastewart.com

Your friends can be hindering your financial dreams

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Liabilities: what they are

Liabilities: what they are

Written by R. A. Stewart

A liability is when you have a debt to pay. You are responsible for that debt until it is paid. The opposite of a liability is an asset. It is something which provides some kind of value to you.

An example of a liability is when you have borrowed money from a finance company to purchase a car. You pay a certain amount to the finance company each week or fortnightly. It is a liability because it takes money out of your pocket and reduces your wealth.

An example of an asset is an investment with a finance company which lends out money to car buyers. This is an asset because it puts money into your pocket and increases your wealth.

Borrowing money is not the only type of liability which can reduce your wealth.

Others can be, keeping pets, smoking, drug taking, drinking, hobbies, and so forth.

Have you ever heard of dog owners spending thousands of dollars on vet bills when for just $50 they could have had their pet pooch put down. I know of some people who have spent $1,000 on a vet bill for their cat. If that is not financial stupidity I don’t know what is.

Emotional spending is very costly in the long term.

Borrowing for something which does not give you anything in return is a drain on your future financial welfare. Paying for a holiday is a perfect example. This is something you can do without. If you don’t have the money you don’t go on holiday. It’s as simple as that.

Hobbies can be expensive; have you ever seen those news items on television where some collectors have spent thousands of dollars on their items. Whether it is a doll collector, model train collector, or whatever, these people spare no expense in getting their hands on the next item to add to their list.

Becoming an investor rather than a consumer will help you to be better off financially in the long run. By minimizing your consumer purchases and investing that money instead you will build up an investment portfolio, whether that be in the share market, property, and the like. Stuff doesn’t last long and it loses its value over time.

Investing in yourself will pay dividends in the long run if you apply what you have learned. It is just a matter of applying whatever is applicable to your own life. There is a lot of investment advice on the internet and in books but not everything you read will be applicable to your personal circumstances. Having the ability to discern which advice to follow takes experience.

What you spend your money on today will have an effect on your future lifestyle. It is all about making the right choices in life. Politicians talk a lot about achieving different outcomes for certain groups of people. Personally, I think that it is choices which people need to take responsibility for because the only reason why there are so many different outcomes is because people make different choices.

About this article

This article is of the opinion of the writer and may not be applicable to your own personal circumstances therefore, discretion is advised. You may use this article for content for your website, blog, or ebook.

Www.robertastewart.com

 

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Dividend Yield and what it means

Dividend Yield and what it means

Written by R.. A. Stewart

A commonly used term in the share market is “dividend yield,” but what does this term actually mean? Some novice investors will be asking themselves but are too afraid to ask others for fear of revealing their ignorance.

The dividend yield is a stock’s annual dividend payments to shareholders as a percentage of the stock’s current price. This figure is often used as a guide to a stock’s future income based on what is paid for the stock.

An example would be, if a stock sells for $10 per share and the company’s annual dividend is 50 cents per share, the dividend yield is 50 cents per share. The dividend yield is 5%. The formula for working this out is annualized dividend divided by share price equals yield. In this case, 0.50 cents divided by $10 equals 5%.

A stock’s dividend can change over a period of time. It may be due to the natural volatility of the markets or changes in the yield by the issuing company. The yield is not fixed and can be changed.

The dividend yield shown on some websites may not be accurate because it has not been updated. One week can be a long time in the markets.

To calculate the annual dividend paid out by a particular company per year you need to multiply the amount of a single payment by the amount of payments.

Keep in mind that whatever yield a company pays out, it is not a guarantee that they will continue to pay out at the same rate in the future. The old adage “Past performance is no guarantee of the future” rings true.

It is important to note that a higher yield does not on its own make a great investment. If the company is struggling then there is a risk that they may not pay a dividend to its investors.

The capital gain of a stock is the other main factor in a stock’s performance. Investors who purchase a stock for the long term are often purchasing for capital gains and this has proved successful.

The high dividend yield may be high due to the falling stock price; otherwise known as a “Dividend trap”. There is a good chance that dividends will be cut in such circumstances.

One retired couple I know uses the dividend payouts to pay for their health insurance. If you are in this position then choosing stocks with a high dividend yield may be the way to go. It is important to diversify and choose a wide range of companies to invest in.

If you do not need the income from the dividends then reinvesting is a good option. It will help to increase the value of your portfolio.

About this article

The information in this article is based on the writer’s experience and may not be applicable to your personal circumstances, therefore discretion is advised. You may use this article as content for your blog, website or ebook.

Www.robertastewart.com

 

Investing with Sharesies

Investing with Sharesies is an accessible and straightforward way to invest in the stock market, you can get started on your investment journey and start building your wealth. However, before making any investment decisions, it is essential to do your research and seek professional advice if necessary.

 Join Sharesies here

Disclaimer: I may earn a small commission if you sign up with Sharesies.

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Share Market advice for beginners

Beginners Guide to the share market

Written by R. A. Stewart

You do not have to be rich to get involved in the share market these days with online share market platforms such as Sharesies and Hatch which provide a gateway to novice investors.

If you are from a country other than New Zealand or Australia then Robinhood from the States is a share market platform which you can use.

Here are my tips to follow if you are a complete beginner.

Tip 1: Shares go up and down

The value of your shares will fluctuate; that is the nature of the markets. It is important not to focus on your shares but rather on saving and letting the markets take care of itself because if you are strategic with your investments then falling markets will not scare you. 

Tip 2: Know why you are investing

Have a clear plan on what the money’s for. Is it for your retirement, a mortgage, a vehicle, or as a rainy day fund. 

Tip 3: Invest money you can afford to lose

Money which is invested in the share market should only be money which you can fully afford to lose because of the volatile nature of shares, however, you can choose a conservative funds when investing in managed funds. It all depends on your time frame. If the money is needed in the short term then investing in conservative funds will be your best option. 

Tip 4: Know your risk profile

Your risk profile is the level of risk you are prepared for or are willing to take. If you are young you are able to take more risks because you have more time to recover from financial setbacks.

Tip 5: Not a substitute for kiwisaver

Online investing  platforms such as Robinhood, Sharesies, Hatch and the like should not be a substitute for your retirement fund, in New Zealand that is called Kiwisaver)

Tip 5: Not a get rich scheme

Investing in the share market is a long term game; it is not a get rich quick scheme. Don’t be taken in by the stories of those who have made a share market killing because you never get to hear about the losses and it is likely that people who made that killing will spend years trying to make another killing and lose all their gains.

Tip 6: Patience is a virtue

It is time and not timing which is the key to making money in the share market. Patience investors are rewarded handsomely if they stay onboard rather than jump ship during stormy seas.

Tip 6: Do your homework

It is important to do your homework on the various companies you plan to invest in and not just invest haphazardly. The alternative is to invest in managed funds; the fund manager will choose the companies for you.

Tip 7: Take responsibility

Don’t blame anyone for your mistakes, take responsibility for them and learn from them; that way you will become a better investor.

Tip 8: Get right advice

Listen to the right people. Prior to the Global Financial Crisis, some financial experts were saying “The high interest rates do not reflect the higher risk investors of finance companies are taking on.”

Well guess what happened? A number of them folded.

About this article

The information in this article is of the writer’s own opinion and may not be applicable to your own personal circumstances therefore discretion is advised. You may use this article as content for your blog or website.

www.robertastewart.com

Start investing on a shoestring

Sharesies makes it possible for anyone to get into buying and selling shares. It is an online share market platform where you have the option of purchasing shares in individual companies or in various funds (managed/mutual funds). You can even start with $5. This is a no brainer because it gives investors young and not so young the chance to improve their financial literacy. There is certainly no substitute for experience when it comes to learning and this is applicable to everything else, not just investing.

Join sharesies here: https://sharesies.nz/r/377DFM

Disclaimer: I may receive a small sign up bonus if you join sharesies.

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Circuit break your bad spending habits

Circuit break your bad spending habits

Written by R. A. Stewart

Bad spending habits can quickly add up and cost you a small fortune over a period of time. Buying coffees downtown may cost you a fiver but if you are doing it daily then that is $25 per week which you could have used for some other purpose. 

A bad spending habit can be very hard to break so why not use a circuit breaker. That is, decide that you are not going to do this bad habit for 24 hours. See how you go.

Coffees

Have you ever thought about how much you are spending on coffees when you are downtown? Let’s think about it, $5 spent on a coffee + whatever you choose to eat with your coffee adds up to a small fortune. If you are spending $5 on a coffee and $4 on a couple of sandwiches then that is $45 per week. That is assuming you work Monday-Friday. Do the maths and your $45 per week adds up to over 2k per year. If you need to find an extra 2k per year to balance the budget or to go towards your other goals then this is a good starting point.

Eftpos card spending

Using the eftpos card is so convenient, so many of us do it without even thinking about how it is affecting our bank accounts. There is a cost to prolific eftpos use and that is high bank fees at the end of the money. Breaking out of the habit of using our cash instead of cards helps us to understand that it is real money we are spending. Putting a 24 hour halt to our eftpos card use will help us to break this costly habit. 

Buying lunches

This is another area where you can save a bit of money. If you are into the habit of buying your own lunch instead of making it then why not decide that you will not buy your lunch for today. If you can put a circuit breaker on this habit then it may help you to form the habit of making your own lunch.

Credit card spending

If you have a credit card spending habit then the question has to be asked, “Are you living beyond your means?”. I know lots of people who have never owned a credit card yet are on benefits or low paid jobs. Lifestyles can be adjusted according to your level of income but the problem is when you have accumulated debts then all of a sudden have lost your job. If you have made a habit of using your credit card then make a habit of not using it for a day at a time then after a week or two it will become a habit and your finances will be in a better shape. Adopt the motto, “If I don’t have the money I don’t buy it!”.

Gambling

This habit can destroy a family’s financial future. Placing a 24 hour break on all gambling activities will help you to break the habit. Unfortunately, some people are addicted to some forms of gambling. If this is you then, it is time to seek help. 

Internet spending

This is another drain on your finances. Surfing the internet looking for stuff to buy can drain your bank balance. This is money which could have been put toward some investment. 

Alcohol, smoking, and making unnecessary trips in your car are other drains on your finances.

It is not how much money you make which will enable you to get rich, it is how much you save and invest. It is the old saying, “Different outcomes are due to different choices,” therefore if you want a different outcome in your life from what you are experiencing then make different choices.

About this article

The information in this article is of the writer’s own opinion and may not be applicable to your own personal circumstances therefore discretion is advised. You may use this article as content for your blog or website. 

Read my other articles on www.robertastewart.com

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5 Factors which determine your risk profile

Factors which determine your Risk Profile:

Written by R. A. Stewart

Your risk profile is the amount of risk you are advised to take with your investments. There are many factors which determine your risk profile with the main one being whether the money you are investing is needed in the short term, medium term, or long term. 

Short term is when you need the money within 12 months

Medium Term is when you need the money within 5 years

Long term is when you need the money in more than five years time

Here are the main factors in determining your risk factor:

Factor 1: Your age

Young people have one thing in their favour which the older ones don’t have and that is time. The young ones have more time to recover from financial setbacks such as a share market crash, a job loss, or whatever, therefore are about to invest in growth funds which can be volatile. Older people need to be a little more conservative. New Zealand financial advisor Frances Cook has a formula for working out what percentage of your portfolio should be in shares; it is this: subtract your age from 100. Even if you are in your twenties that does not mean you should be reckless with your money and invest into some kind of risky venture. 

Factor 2:Your health

Your health is a major factor in determining your risk factor. If you have a health condition which requires or may require expensive medical treatment in the future then investing in growth funds may not be your best option because you do not want to lose your money just when you need it. This does not mean that you should not invest anything in growth funds but just not most of it. It may be a good idea to set up a bank account for those medical bills.

Factor 3: Your Personal Circumstances

Your own personal circumstances need to be taken into account. If you are single with no commitments then you will be able to take more risks with your money than someone who is married with children.

Factor 4: Your Debts

Your debts are a big factor in what you should do with your money. There is no point in investing your money at 5% interest when you are paying 15% interest on your loans. People with debts have a responsibility to pay off their own debts and need to prioritise that before turning their attention to investing. 

Factor 5: Your Temperament

Your temperament is a factor. If you are going to lose sleep at the thought of losing your money; something which can happen if you are investing in the share market, then going for more conservative funds is better for you but when it comes to long term investing such as your retirement fund then investing too conservatively will mean that you will likely end up with a lot less money in the kitty when you retire.

About this article

This article is of the opinion of the writer and may not be applicable to your own personal circumstances, therefore discretion is advised.

You may use this article as content for your blog or ebook. Feel free to share this article with others.

www.robertastewart.com