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Liabilities: what they are

Liabilities: what they are

Written by R. A. Stewart

A liability is when you have a debt to pay. You are responsible for that debt until it is paid. The opposite of a liability is an asset. It is something which provides some kind of value to you.

An example of a liability is when you have borrowed money from a finance company to purchase a car. You pay a certain amount to the finance company each week or fortnightly. It is a liability because it takes money out of your pocket and reduces your wealth.

An example of an asset is an investment with a finance company which lends out money to car buyers. This is an asset because it puts money into your pocket and increases your wealth.

Borrowing money is not the only type of liability which can reduce your wealth.

Others can be, keeping pets, smoking, drug taking, drinking, hobbies, and so forth.

Have you ever heard of dog owners spending thousands of dollars on vet bills when for just $50 they could have had their pet pooch put down. I know of some people who have spent $1,000 on a vet bill for their cat. If that is not financial stupidity I don’t know what is.

Emotional spending is very costly in the long term.

Borrowing for something which does not give you anything in return is a drain on your future financial welfare. Paying for a holiday is a perfect example. This is something you can do without. If you don’t have the money you don’t go on holiday. It’s as simple as that.

Hobbies can be expensive; have you ever seen those news items on television where some collectors have spent thousands of dollars on their items. Whether it is a doll collector, model train collector, or whatever, these people spare no expense in getting their hands on the next item to add to their list.

Becoming an investor rather than a consumer will help you to be better off financially in the long run. By minimizing your consumer purchases and investing that money instead you will build up an investment portfolio, whether that be in the share market, property, and the like. Stuff doesn’t last long and it loses its value over time.

Investing in yourself will pay dividends in the long run if you apply what you have learned. It is just a matter of applying whatever is applicable to your own life. There is a lot of investment advice on the internet and in books but not everything you read will be applicable to your personal circumstances. Having the ability to discern which advice to follow takes experience.

What you spend your money on today will have an effect on your future lifestyle. It is all about making the right choices in life. Politicians talk a lot about achieving different outcomes for certain groups of people. Personally, I think that it is choices which people need to take responsibility for because the only reason why there are so many different outcomes is because people make different choices.

About this article

This article is of the opinion of the writer and may not be applicable to your own personal circumstances therefore, discretion is advised. You may use this article for content for your website, blog, or ebook.

Www.robertastewart.com

 

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Dividend Yield and what it means

Dividend Yield and what it means

Written by R.. A. Stewart

A commonly used term in the share market is “dividend yield,” but what does this term actually mean? Some novice investors will be asking themselves but are too afraid to ask others for fear of revealing their ignorance.

The dividend yield is a stock’s annual dividend payments to shareholders as a percentage of the stock’s current price. This figure is often used as a guide to a stock’s future income based on what is paid for the stock.

An example would be, if a stock sells for $10 per share and the company’s annual dividend is 50 cents per share, the dividend yield is 50 cents per share. The dividend yield is 5%. The formula for working this out is annualized dividend divided by share price equals yield. In this case, 0.50 cents divided by $10 equals 5%.

A stock’s dividend can change over a period of time. It may be due to the natural volatility of the markets or changes in the yield by the issuing company. The yield is not fixed and can be changed.

The dividend yield shown on some websites may not be accurate because it has not been updated. One week can be a long time in the markets.

To calculate the annual dividend paid out by a particular company per year you need to multiply the amount of a single payment by the amount of payments.

Keep in mind that whatever yield a company pays out, it is not a guarantee that they will continue to pay out at the same rate in the future. The old adage “Past performance is no guarantee of the future” rings true.

It is important to note that a higher yield does not on its own make a great investment. If the company is struggling then there is a risk that they may not pay a dividend to its investors.

The capital gain of a stock is the other main factor in a stock’s performance. Investors who purchase a stock for the long term are often purchasing for capital gains and this has proved successful.

The high dividend yield may be high due to the falling stock price; otherwise known as a “Dividend trap”. There is a good chance that dividends will be cut in such circumstances.

One retired couple I know uses the dividend payouts to pay for their health insurance. If you are in this position then choosing stocks with a high dividend yield may be the way to go. It is important to diversify and choose a wide range of companies to invest in.

If you do not need the income from the dividends then reinvesting is a good option. It will help to increase the value of your portfolio.

About this article

The information in this article is based on the writer’s experience and may not be applicable to your personal circumstances, therefore discretion is advised. You may use this article as content for your blog, website or ebook.

Www.robertastewart.com

 

Investing with Sharesies

Investing with Sharesies is an accessible and straightforward way to invest in the stock market, you can get started on your investment journey and start building your wealth. However, before making any investment decisions, it is essential to do your research and seek professional advice if necessary.

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Prioritizing your spending

Prioritizing your spending

Written by R. A. Stewart

Life is all about making priorities and it is not all about money and how you prioritize your spending but about what you do with your time. We have different financial commitments and different levels of income but when it comes to time, we all have an allotted 24 hours in the day, no more and no less but our income and how we earn our income will have an effect on how much time we have to devote to the important things in our life.

Many people sacrifice their time for money by spending all of their time working leaving little time for anything else. They are out of balance.

If you have a specific goal in mind such as saving for a house deposit then the sacrifices may be worth it in the long term. Maybe because only you will know whether the long days were truly worth it. It all depends on what your priorities are.

What factors should you consider when setting priorities?

Here are several to consider:

Your commitments

Your debt levels

Your age

Your family circumstances

Your health

Your career

Your pets

It is important that you base your priorities on what is important to you and that you do not try to copy someone else’s figures. There is no one size that fits everyone; it is your own needs and wants which determine how you are going to prioritise your spending.

Everyone has different levels of commitments; these have to be managed as best as you can. Commitments can be financial such as a mortgage or other debt or something more personal such as a relationship. 

Your age is another factor; you are not going to take out a 30 year mortgage when you are 60. If you are in your twenties you will have different priorities. As a young investor you can take more risks with your investing strategy because you have more time to recover from a financial meltdown.

That does not mean being reckless with your investing but rather; taking calculated risks.

Your family circumstances are another factor to weigh up. If you have kids then you will have less disposable cash to play around with than if you are single. The flip side is that if you are in a relationship then you have the advantage of having two incomes which will make it easier to save for major life events such as having kids. It is a good idea to put aside money for this purpose.

Then there is your health to think about. If you are fit and healthy then that is great but as we all know, Father Time catches up on us sooner or later. If you have health issues which lessens your chances of reaching the retirement age then your priorities need to be different from those who are healthy.

Then your career or job is a priority. It has to be your top priority because it pays the bills. It is where you spend so much of your time so a carefully chosen career will help make your life more meaningful. Adding different strings to your bow will give you more options. Learning does not end once you leave school is a lifelong project.

Your pets can bring enjoyment to your life but they can also become a burden to your finances as a lot of people have found during the cost of living crisis. The SPCA were swamped with cats and dogs because people could not afford to keep them. When deciding whether to get a dog or a cat it is important to work out how much this is going to cost you. It is also important to consider the fact that keeping pets fits the discretionary spending category and that money spent on them will be better off going towards the mortgage if you have one or towards your retirement fund. 

As far as pets are concerned, many people let their hearts rule their heads; I mean honestly, why else would one spend a grand on a vet bill for a cat or even more than that on a dog when it would be cheaper just to have the animal put down?

 

This article is of the opinion of the writer and may not be applicable to your personal circumstances, therefore, discretion is advised. You may use this article as content for your ebook, website, or blog. Feel free to share this article.

 

www.robertastewart.com

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Investing in Gold

Investing in Gold

Written by R. A. Stewart

Is Gold a good investment?

That is a question I cannot give you an answer to because it is a bit like a “How long is a piece of string?” question.

Whether investing in something is good or bad really depends on your personal circumstances and where this investment fits in with your objectives.

Is the money/investment needed in the short term, medium term, or long term?

Once you have answered this question you will have a better idea of whether gold is a suitable investment.

Problem with gold is…

That it does not provide investors with an income. All they can expect is capital gains; that is, selling gold at a higher price than when it was bought for.

The Share market provides a dividend to shareholders of the various companies and there is the opportunity to profit from the increasing value of the shares. 

Another problem with holding physical golds is the storage costs and this can mitigate any capital gains from selling it.

Different ways of investing in gold

There are several ways of investing in gold and there are pros and cons with each of them.

The easiest way of investing in gold is to purchase shares in a gold mine but this is very risky and should only be done with money you can fully afford to lose. Your country’s stock market may have listed companies of gold mines.

Purchasing gold coins is another way. You will find gold coins listed on ebay but the downfall of investing in gold in this way is that the seller will seek the highest price possible for their coins; and it may not reflect it’s true value.

Buying gold from a dealer is another way but this is beyond the means of a lot of people and then there is the problem of storage not to mention the risk of theft.

Collecting gold jewellery is another way of investing in gold. Just as collecting other items such as postage stamps, old comics, or barbie dolls, they give enjoyment to the collector and the items are worth something when it comes time to sell.

Investing in gold as an interest

Gold can provide an added interest to your portfolio. If you have discretionary money to spend then investing in gold can add an extra string to your financial bow and if the investment turns to custard then there is no damage done. After all, millions of dollars are lost in lotteries every year and no one blinks an eye lid. Giving up lotteries and use the money to build up your gold investments should be your best approach. 

The risk of investing in gold

There are risks with investing in Gold as there are with other types of investments but these risks can be managed. It is important for investors to do their research in order to understand these risks. 

Investing in gold should not be an alternative to contributing to your country’s retirement scheme.

The rules of investing

The rules of investing are just as applicable with gold as they are with other types of investments. Where does gold fit into your overall investment strategy? If you have some disposable spending money to invest then investing in gold is a good option. It will provide an added interest to you; that is interest in terms of enjoyment such as a stamp collector would derive interest from his or her hobby.

It is certainly not wise to just purchase gold with money which you can ill afford to lose or to invest your whole life savings into it. That is just asking for trouble. 

To summarise

Investing in gold can provide you with an interesting string to your financial portfolio, but it does have its pitfalls. It is important to weigh up the pros and cons and only invest money in gold which you can afford to lose. Read up on the subject and then decide whether gold is a suitable investment for you.

About this article

The opinions in this article are of the writer’s opinion and may not be applicable to your personal circumstances. You may use the content for your blog/site or ebook. Feel free to share the article on social media.

www.robertastewart.com

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3 Ways to lose during a Share Market Slump

It is easy to be very confident about your investments when all is going well and your investments are rising in value but it is when the market has taken a dive when your real character is revealed.

Investing needs to be done with the right mindset otherwise allowing your emotions to take over your decision making can turn out to be very costly in the long term.

The newspapers may say, “Investors have lost millions,” but the reality is they have lost nothing, well not unless they have sold their shares during a market slump.

If you have an investment strategy then the possibility of a downward trend should have been taken into account so a market downward trend will not be of a concern.

There are three ways which you can lose during a share market slide; here are are:

  1. Sell your shares

Selling your shares during a market slide is a guarantee that you will lose; more so if you bought your shares during the peak. The share market will have it’s ups and downs and is a long term game. If you are saving money for the short to medium term then investing in growth funds may not be the right place to have your money. On the flip side of that is a rising market can help you reach your savings goals faster. It is the catch 22 situation in that if there is an opportunity for a capital gain there is an opportunity for a capital loss.

  1. Change funds

Changing from growth funds to balanced or conservative during a market downturn is a way of guaranteeing a loss. In other words you are selling shares at a lower price than you bought them for. It is the issue of allowing your emotions to rule your better judgement. 

  1. Stop Contributions to your retirement fund

This is a sure way to lose during a market slump because you are missing out on bargains in the share market. You may not lose your money by not investing during a market slump but you are losing in other ways because if you decide to just leave your money in a low interest savings account the value of your savings is being eroded by inflation.

Talk about a sure fire loser!

The share market rewards consistency and that means making contributions through good times and bad. During times when the share market is during a bear market phase you will get shares at below their market value while during a bull market cycle you will get a lot of shares at above their market value. All of this will average out over a period of time and the longer you are involved in the share market and participating the more chance you give the law of averages to work in your favour.

About this article

You may use this article as content for your ebook, website, or blog. Feel free to share it with others.

Start investing on a shoestring

Sharesies makes it possible for anyone to get into buying and selling shares. It is an online share market platform where you have the option of purchasing shares in individual companies or in various funds (managed/mutual funds). You can even start with $5. This is a no brainer because it gives investors young and not so young the chance to improve their financial literacy. There is certainly no substitute for experience when it comes to learning and this is applicable to everything else, not just investing.

Join sharesies here: https://sharesies.nz/r/377DFM

 

Note: This article is of the opinion of the writer and may not be applicable to your personal

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Investing Mistakes

This article is of the writer’s experience and opinion. If you require financial advice then see your bank manager or financial advisor.

Learning from past investing mistakes

By Robert A. Stewart

“He who never made a mistake never made anything,” 

But, there is no need to make a mistake if you can help it. How? By learning from other people’s mistakes.

The most tragic thing of all is to not learn from your own mistakes; here are some tragic examples which have left people with badly burned fingers.

In October 1987 the share market crashed big time; there were horrific stories of mum and dad investors losing fortunes. Leading up to the crash investors would borrow money to purchase shares by using the value of their shares as collateral. As the share values increased, they were able to borrow more and more money. One story I was told was of a man who borrowed money using the value of his home as collateral. 

Many companies were basically called paper shufflers; in order words they were not producing anything tangible but trading in shares.

It took several years before the market recovered.

One should never borrow money to purchase shares which is the first basic lesson of investing.

During the Global Financial Crisis several finance companies went belly up in NZ; these included Provincial Finance, Hanover Finance, Dominion Finance, Lombard Finance, and South Canterbury Finance. There were sad stories with one common one being of investors who had their whole life savings invested in the company. The media’s spin on this is to tell the viewer about the investors who lost everything they invested but that is not the case. The truth is investors were drip-fed money from whatever money the receiver’s could recover.

The investors concerned had a lot to say about all of this but one thing that was never mentioned was the fact that they placed all of their financial eggs in one basket. This is a fundamental mistake. In one case, an investor had NZ$400,000 invested in Hanover Finance. One would have thought an investor with commonsense would have spread their money around. 

It does make one wonder whether someone provided this investor with misleading advice. 

The second basic lesson is to not place all of your financial eggs in one basket.

Cryptocurrency such as Bitcoin and the like have been very popular during the last ten years. Stories of great wealth have been floating around from time to time of investors who have invested x number of $ and turned it into a fortune worth x. My view of Crypto Currency is that it should be treated as a bit of a gamble where you only invest discretionary income in. Only money you can afford to lose should be invested in crypto currency.

It should be worth remembering that for every person that made a killing of some kind, whether on the share market, cryptocurrency, or other kind of investment, there will be a lot more people who lost their money. What usually happens is that many of those who made the killing will try to repeat the feat and end up giving back most if not all of their gains.

A company called “Cryptopia” which was basically a blockchain which held funds invested in Bitcoin was hacked into and all those with bitcoin invested with cryptopia lost their money. There were some sad stories of an x amount of $ lost.

The third lesson here is to NEVER invest money in cryptocurrency which you can not afford to lose. In other words, only use your discretionary money for Bitcoin.

It is certainly well worth remembering that if there is a chance of capital gain then there is also a chance of capital loss. That is the nature of investing.

The bottom line is this; “It is up to YOU, the investor to take responsibility for your mistakes.

www.robertastewart.com

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Investing for seniors

 

Written by R. A. Stewart

 

Your age is a crucial factor in establishing your savings and investing strategy. Your 20s, 30s, 40s, and 50s are your savings years. It is these years when you build up your assets. 

Your 60s and 70s can be considered your spending years. It is when you tick off items on your bucket list while you are able to.

That does not mean that you do not have to work, a lot of older people are taking this option, not because they cannot make ends meet on their pension, but because they enjoy what they are doing.

In New Zealand, retirees will have access to their kiwisaver account once they reach the age of 65. Money invested in kiwisaver will be in growth, balanced, or conservative funds. Most people during their working life opt for growth or balanced funds.

It is time to decide whether to stay with the status quo or invest in more conservative funds. 

Your age and your health are the two most important factors in deciding which fund to invest your money in. 

Older people do not have time on their side to overcome financial setbacks such share market falls and so forth, therefore if you are 60+ it is a good idea to lean toward more conservative investments but still retain some exposure to risk.

It is worth mentioning at this point that New Zealand financial advisor and writer Frances Cook has a formula for calculating how much exposure you should have based on your age, and it is this…

Subtract your age from 100.

If for example you are aged 60 then only 40% of your portfolio should be invested in the share market.

I do not necessarily agree with this formula and my exposure to the share market is more than her formula suggests I have.

However, that is a personal choice; one that I do not necessarily recommend to you because your circumstances will be different as they are for different people.

If you are connected to the internet and you have a lot of spare cash in your account then I suggest that you place most of your money into an account that is not connected to internet banking. This is to reduce your chances of becoming a victim of internet scammers. 

With internet banking being the norm, this could be difficult in the future though.

In any case I still believe that it will pay to arrange your finances so that if you fall victim to a scammer then not all of your money will be lost. 

Don’t leave all of your money in the one account for goodness sake as some victims of scammers have.

If you are traveling then make sure you don’t have access to your life savings because if you do then so will be a scammer if they manage to get hold of your login details.

Scammers have all kinds of ways to trick people into handing over their login details.

Anyone can be a victim so don’t be proud by saying “I am not that stupid.”

As you get older you will have to invest more conservatively; that does not necessarily mean transferring from growth to conservative funds but investing some of your current savings into low risk accounts. The deciding factor is your timeline. How soon you need the money and funds which are going to be used within 12 months are best invested conservatively.

 

www.robertastewart.com

 

ABOUT THIS ARTICLE

This article is of the opinion of the writer and may not be applicable to your personal circumstances. Feel free to share this article. You may also use this article for your website/blog or as content for your ebook.

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The Golden Rule of Investing

The Golden Rule of Investing

Written by R. A. Stewart

The one question you MUST ask yourself before investing your money is, “Can I afford to lose this money?”

Only you can answer this question, but…

that depends on when you need the money and what the loss of your investment will mean for your other goals.

For example if your goal is to save for a car within the next 18 months or so then this is considered a short to medium term goal which means that investing in something with low risk is imperative. Growth funds on the share market and bitcoin are out of the question because the loss of your investment could mean that you may not be able to purchase that car. It really comes down to how badly you require that car. If it is essential for you to get to and from work then you cannot afford to lose the money that you are saving for a car.

The same is said for money which you are saving for a house deposit but it really depends on how soon you require the money. If you are looking at a 10 year timeframe then investing in growth funds may increase your savings faster but no one can predict when and if the markets will crash so it is really a risk to invest your house deposit money this way but the flip side is that if there is a 1987 style crash then house prices will also tumble so less money will be needed to purchase a house.

Can you afford to lose your retirement fund? The answer is no but…

Where your retirement fund is invested all depends on how soon you need the money. Some financial advisors will tell you to scale back the risk as you are approaching retirement but the problem is that if you start doing that when the markets are down you are taking a loss and missing out on any gains which will happen when the markets rebound. The other thing to remember is that you are not going to just spend all of your retirement funds as soon as you retire. You may live another 20 years and that is ample time to recover from any crash which will occur near your retirement. Of course you may want to tick off as many items off your bucket list as you possibly can so the early stage of your retirement will be when you will want to do as much as you can. You certainly do not want to sit in an old folks home at 90 with any regrets.

The size of your retirement fund when you require it is determined by where you have invested your money. If you just saved your money and just left it in low interest accounts you will lose.

How? 

Because inflation will erode the value of your money. Then there is tax on the interest.

It is important to learn how to invest for a better outcome and where you invest should be determined by your age and how soon you need the money.

Saving up for a house is the biggest single investment in one’s life with a car being the second biggest. Not everyone has ever bought a house or car but have saved money for other things; here is a list of other items which many people are spending their money on:

*Paying off a student loan

*Saving for an overseas holiday

*Saving for a business

*Paying off a medical/dental bill

These are major items. It has to be said that saving for a holiday can be considered discretionary spending and therefore will not cause you a great deal of hardship, just disappointment if you lose this money in the share market.

Setting priorities is an important part of managing your finances and the one question that should be asked is, “Can I afford to lose this money?”

Disclaimer: The information in this article is of the writer’s opinion and may not be applicable to your personal circumstances therefore discretion is advised. I may receive a small commission if you sign up for Sharesies or Coinbase.

NOTE: You may use this article as content for your website or ebook. Feel free to share this item.

www.robertastewart.com

 

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What is discretionary income?

What is discretionary income?

This is a question which is important to those who want to balance their household budget. As most people know there are two categories of spending; your needs and wants.

Here is a list of expenditure which can be classed as needs.

Power/heating

Rent/rates

Food

Car expenses

Clothing

Loan repayments

Savings/investments

Some of these items you have some control over. For example you have the ability to choose how much you spend on food. The same is with clothing. You have the option of shopping around for something affordable. You also have control over how much power you use.

Wants are items which are not essential but are optional. Here is a short list of items which are wants:

Holidays

Hobbies

Entertainment

Gambling

Alcohol

Cigarettes

It is what you do with your discretionary spending money which will make a difference to your financial outcome. If you use your money as a seed for your investments then money worries can be a thing of the past. Dental and Medical bills are not cheap and the wise person who sets aside funds for a rainy day can pay for these emergencies in full.

Your personal financial situation will determine what you do with your discretionary spending money. If you have your life ahead of you then you may have more disposable income after your bills have been paid. If you are older you may not have as much disposable income but have more savings behind you.

If you have consumer debt then you do not have any discretionary spending money. Your number one priority as far as your finances are concerned is to pay off that debt. 

It is not how much you make which determines your financial outcome but what you do with how much you make. Some people spend all of their discretionary spending money and are left with nothing until the next pay day.

Here are some stories:

When I was a teenager we were helping a neighbour build a cattle yard on his farm. My father said to the neighbour, “There is no profit in having the best looking cattle yard.”

What he means is that having the nicest looking cattle yard is not going to make any difference to the bottom line profit of the farm.

Years ago, a colleague bought a car for twenty grand. When one of his friends told me, I replied, “If that was me I would have just bought the cheapest car and invested the rest of the money”.

An expensive lifestyle proves costly in the long term. Those who have developed the habit of living modestly are better equipped to deal with the cost of living crisis.

At the end of the day you make your choices and your choices make you.

About this article

The information in this article is of the writer’s opinion and experience and may not be applicable to your personal circumstances therefore discretion is advised.

Disclaimer: Please be aware that if you sign up for sharesies or coinbase through my site then I may receive a small commission.

www.robertastewart.com

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He who never made a mistake…

He who never made a mistake…

never made anything.

You could read all you can about the share market but investors will from time to time go against their better judgement and invest in something because of greed or it is something they are interested in. I have lost money in the past from some of my investments.

Here is a sample:

Air New Zealand (early 2000s)

This company I thought was a reasonably safe investment. Air New Zealand was once owned by the government but it was privatized during the late 1980s or 90s. However, the company almost went under during 2001 I think it was when their shares dropped to 14 cents each from about $1.50. The government bailed them out and still owns about 51% of the company. During covid, the government bailed them out again after the border closures placed them in a financially precarious situation.

Lombard Finance L.T.D

This was one of those finance companies which offered higher interest rates than the banks for fixed term accounts. Lombard as it turned out had too much money tied up in too few projects and when one of their creditors folded it brought Lombard down with them. It lent money to property developers. Lombard Finance collapsed in 2008

Provincial Finance L.T.D

This company lent money for consumable items such as cars etc. It, like Lombard, offered higher interest rates for fixed term than the high street banks. It was also a victim of the Global Financial Crisis.

Dominion Finance L.T.D

Another finance company which fell victim to the Global Financial Crisis. It too offered higher fixed term rates than the banks were offering.

Must be a lesson there somewhere.

These were by no means the only finance companies which went belly up during the G.F.C; South Canterbury Finance and Hanover Finance were high profile collapses. 

Some investors lost their entire life savings in Hanover FInance. 

That is a classic case of putting all your eggs in the one basket; a crucial mistake which affected how some folk will live during their retirement years. 

Greed sometimes over rules better judgement.

We sometimes hear stories of young folk who have bought xxx stock in xxx company which has risen in value by a ridiculous amount. This type of rise is not sustainable and it is only a matter of time before the rising share value slows or in some cases takes a spectacular dive. 

I mentioned young folk because they do not have the past experience of older investors.

It has to be said that those who have made the most investment mistakes are likely to be in a better financial situation than those who played it safe all their lives and just kept their money in low interest accounts. Certainly better than those who are spenders rather than savers.

The bottom line is that it pays to diversify and spread your risk but the level of risk one takes is dependent on a person’s age because younger people have more time to recover from financial mistakes.

A lot of people cannot stomach the thought of losing a few grand on their investments yet would have problem frittering that money on lottery tickets, cigarettes, or booze. In order to achieve more favourable financial outcomes it is important to do a stock take of your outgoings (spending) and transfer money which would otherwise have been wasted into something more profitable. This could be starting an internet-based business, investments, or upskilling.

During the 1987 sharemarket crash thousands of investors lost fortunes. Many of them borrowed money using the value of their shares as collateral and the rising share prices meant that they were able to borrow more money. The collapse of the markets left investors with shares which were worth less than the value of the loans taken out to purchase them. The lesson here is to never borrow money for shares.

Here is a quote from the Auckland City mayor concerning debt levels. “Capacity to borrow is not the issue. It’s the capacity to pay it back.”

The other lesson is that it may be better to invest in upskilling. It never hurts to add another string to your bow.

This article is the result of the writer’s experience and opinion and not considered as financial advice. If you require qualified financial advice see your bank manager or financial advisor.

www.robertastewart.com