Tailoring Personal Finance to Your Risk Profile and Goals

Financial planning for your personal circumstances

Written by R. A. Stewart

“No one shoe fits all sizes” is a saying which is applicable to financial planning. No two people are the same. Personal finance needs to be tailored to one’s personal circumstances.

There are several factors which need to be taken into account when deciding what to do with your money. The one factor which covers all of your circumstances can be summed up in two words, “Risk Profile.’

Your risk profile is the amount of risk which you can comfortably cope with. “If there is a financial meltdown, would it affect your lifestyle?” is a question which needs to be asked, before you commit to investing in such and such.

Your timeline is one of the factors which make up your risk profile. The longer your timeline, the more time you have to recover from a market meltdown. When you are young you are able to invest more aggressively into growth funds, but that does not mean that you should invest every single dollar you own into growth funds because it all depends on what the purpose of the fund is.

You may be young and have some money invested in growth funds, some in balanced funds, and some in conservative funds.

Everyone has different goals and different living arrangements, which mean that your financial plan must be set according to your personal circumstances.

Setting goals is important. It gives you a destination to travel to. Without goals life will take you where it takes you.

There are three categories for goal setting:

Long-term goals (over 5 years)

Medium-term goals (1-5 years)

Short-term goals (up to 12 months)

A long-term goal can be savings for your retirement or a house deposit.

A medium-term goal can be saving for an overseas holiday or a car

A short-term goal can be saving for an emergency fund.

Growth funds are ideal for long-term savings goals.

Balanced funds are ideal for medium-term savings goals

Conservative funds are ideal for short-term savings goals.

Your tolerance to risk is a factor. There is no point investing in something if the possibility of loss is going to give you sleepiness nights. Having said that, successful investors learn to take a financial hit without losing heart. They learn the lesson and apply it to future investments.

During covid, the markets went through a bad spell. Many Novice investors switched from growth to conservative funds. The markets recovered and these investors turned a temporary loss into a permanent one.

The moral of this is to plan and stick with your plan because if you have invested according to your risk-profile then what the markets are doing should not be an issue to you.

People make different choices, some make right choices and others make wrong choices. It all leads to different outcomes. If you want a different outcome to what you have been getting then make different choices. It is as simple as that!

All the best.

ABOUT THIS ARTICLE

This article is of the opinion of the writer and may not be applicable to your personal circumstances, therefore discretion is advised. You may use this article as content for your blog/website or ebook.

Read my other articles on www.robertastewart.com

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Dividend Reinvestment Plan-what it is

Dividend Reinvestment Plan-what it is

Written by R. A. Stewart

Some companies give their investors the option of accepting a dividend or have the dividend paid out in shares. This is called a DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN (DRP or DRIP).

This can be cheaper than accepting the dividend and reinvesting the money elsewhere. This kind of arrangement makes it easier for an investor to grow their investment and saves money because investing your dividends elsewhere will attract fees for the new investment

A DRP at work

You have opted into a company’s DRP and it issues a dividend. What happens next?

Those who have opted into the companies DRP receive their dividends in the form of extra shares, while those investors who have not opted into the DRP receive their dividends in the form of cash.

The way a company calculates its share price will determine how many shares you will receive. Its method of calculation is sometimes called the “Strike Price”.

The shares are distributed within the company which means that you as the shareholder saves money on transaction fees. This process occurs each time the company declares a dividend. Sometimes the company will stop the Dividend Reinvestment Plan for one reason or another and when this happens, its shareholders will be informed of this,

Is Dividend Reinvestment Plan Right for you

Only you can answer this question, because it all depends on your personal circumstances and your goals. If you are using the income you receive from shares, in this case dividends to pay for some of your expenses, health insurance, for example, then you will want to receive the dividends into your bank account. If you are a long term investor and do not need your dividends then you may choose to opt in to the Dividend Reinvestment Plan. If you are unsure, then speak to a financial advisor.

The downfall of DRP is that it could reduce your diversification. Your strategy could be to spread your portfolio over a range of shares. Reinvesting your dividends in certain companies can mean your investment becomes unbalanced and weighted toward certain industries.

Always keep in mind that whenever there is the opportunity for a capital gain there is also the opportunity for a capital loss, therefore, it is best to invest according to your risk profile. 

About this article

The contents of this article are of the opinion of the writer and may not be applicable to your personal circumstances, therefore, discretion is advised. You may use this article as content for your  website/blog, or ebook.

Read my other articles on www.robertastewart.com

Build your Wealth with Diversification

The Art of Diversification

Written by R. A. Stewart

“Invest your money in many places because you never know what kind of bad luck you are going to have in this world.”-Ecclesiastes 11:1-2

Diversification means that you invest your money in several companies in order to manage your risk. We all know that from time to time a company will collapse, leaving those who invested in them out of pocket. We sometimes hear of cases where one or two investors had their entire life savings invested in such companies and got severely hurt by their loss.

The big mistake these people made was that they placed all of their eggs in one basket. They have only themselves to blame and no one else.

It is important to ask the question of “How will the loss of this money affect my lifestyle? And invest accordingly.

If you are investing for the long term, ten years+ for example then the share market drops should not worry you. These dips are only temporary and you should not view it as a loss but rather treat share market volatility as a fact of life and just get used to it.

Life has its own concerns without being overly concerned with how your portfolio is doing. If you have invested according to your risk profile then there is nothing to be concerned about.

No investment is entirely risk free but in order to increase your wealth then it is necessary to take risks but that does not mean gambling with your money which is speculating on a certain outcome. Investing means taking calculated and sensible risks. 

What is a sensible risk?

Investing in cryptocurrency for your retirement fund is not a sensible risk, it is a reckless one. However, investing in cryptocurrency as a side interest and with only discretionary spending money is fine as long as you understand the risks involved and the loss of your capital in this way is not going to affect your lifestyle.

The same can be said to investing in individual shares as an interest. I have a sharesies account where I drip feed money into individual shares in the share market. I choose one company to invest in per year and drip feed money into this company throughout the year. The share price will go up and down throughout the year and I will get shares at the lower price when they are down.

Investing your retirement fund in this way is considered to be “Placing all of your eggs in the one basket,” and is not recommended, but investing speculatively with your discretionary spending money can provide an added interest and an extra string to your financial bow.

About this article

The contents of this article are of the opinion of the writer and may not be applicable to your personal circumstances, therefore discretion is advised. You may use this article as content for your blog/website, or ebook. 

Read my other articles on www.robertastewart.com

How to Start a Sharemarket portfolio from Scratch…

How to Start a Share market portfolio from Scratch…

Even if you have never invested a dollar

Written by R. A. Stewart

You are a beginner to investing and want to know how to get involved in the share market and don’t have much money to invest.

My advice is firstly to ensure you have set up a pension scheme with your employer. This will help make money retirement easier as far as finances goes. Anything else you invest should be treated as strings to your financial bow.

Here is my advice to investing novices. 

There are two ways for you to drip-feed your money into the share market. They are:

  1. To join a managed fund type of investment. This is a fund where your money is combined with the money of other investors. The fund manager invests in the share market on your behalf. This minimizes risk because funds invested in this way are spread across different asset classes, something which is unobtainable for most investors unless you are already financially well off.
  2. To sign up with an online investing site where you are able to drip-feed money into the share market. Do your research into the various platforms. Popular ones are robinhood in the USA and sharesies in Australasia. 

Two pieces of advice which financial experts will tell you is “Do your research and diversify.”

It helps if you are familiar with the industries and companies you are investing with. I use the online platform “Sharesies” which is based in New Zealand. My strategy is to choose one company per year and drip-feed money throughout the year into this one company. I chose New Zealand based companies, all of them household names. I have already decided the following year’s company to invest in by Christmas.

I have invested in a range of companies such as Genesis Energy, Spark, Fontierra, Fletcher Building, PGG Wrightsons, and Contact Energy. All are well known brands.

It is important not to get too greedy. The internet is full of stories of people who got rich investing in this or that and made a killing. This has to be treated like a grain of salt because for everyone like that, there are countless others who tried the same thing and failed.

Greed often gets the better of people and the one who made the killing will often end up giving it all back.

The share market rewards consistency and persistence. Make sure you are in the right fund for your risk profile and your goals. If you are drip-feeding money into the share market like I am doing then it shouldn’t matter how the markets are performing. Just keep investing and let time be your friend. After all, investing with an online app is just another string to my financial bow.

You should invest in the share market with money that you cannot afford to lose is a piece of advice I have heard time and again. The main question before you invest in something is, “How will the loss of this money affect my lifestyle?” 

I would not recommend that you invest in growth funds if you need the money within a year or two because the markets may drop just as you are about to withdraw the money.

It is important to be sensible and strategic with your investing and just as important to keep a cool head otherwise you may end up with burnt fingers.

About this article

The opinions expressed in this article are of the opinion of the writer and may not be applicable to your personal circumstances, therefore, discretion is advised. You may use this article as content for your blog/website, or ebook.

Read my other articles on www.robertastewart.com

Investing with a Vision

Investing with a Vision

Written by R. A. Stewart

“He who lacks vision will perish.”-Proverbs 29:18

Financial planning requires vision. What does vision mean? It is the art of preparing for the unseen. People will go through life stages. They buy a car, get married, have kids, and retire. A person with vision will make provisions for these life stages. A person with no vision will spend all of their discretionary spending money without giving any thought to the future.

This is irresponsible and selfish because there are consequences to spending now and burying your head in the sand mentality and that is often poverty. 

If you enter into a relationship with someone then you will take your financial situation into that relationship. If you have a bad credit rating then you and your partner may have difficulty obtaining a mortgage.

Someone who is a good money manager will make provisions for the future which will help them to withstand financial shocks which may not have been predicted such as a job lay off or health issues.

Financial planning does not end with saving money, but rather it is the beginning. Investing that money so that it is working for you can increase your savings and certainly your financial literacy. Your risk profile is the factor which determines where you should invest your money.

Your risk profile is the amount of risk you can take on in relation to the term of the investment. 

If you are in your twenties or thirties then investing in growth funds may be right for you because you have more time to recover from a market meltdown. Someone in their sixties may need their retirement funds within five years or less and the last thing you need is for the markets to take a dive just when you need the money.

If you are putting money aside for a mortgage deposit, car, your child’s education, then you may want to take a more balanced approach with your investing.

It is worth pointing out that you could fit into more than one risk profile category.

If you are young then financial advisors suggest that investing in growth funds is the way to go for your retirement fund because you may have more than forty years before you retire.

However, you may also be putting away money for a mortgage deposit and need that money within 5-10 years so taking a more conservative approach to your house deposit funds may be best. Again, if the markets took a dive just when you needed the money then your house deposit funds will be short of where you intended it to be.

Having the right kind of attitude to your money will pay dividends in the long term. Some people scoff at those who are prudent with their money, calling them selfish and money hunger yet go out and purchase lottery tickets in the hope of winning a quick million. If that is not a contradiction in their philosophy then I don’t know what is. Gold Diggers are notorious for this. A man is their only financial plan; they have no interest in gaining any kind of financial knowledge. There is an abundance of it out there. You just need to pay a visit to your local library to find such books. Even your local charity stores will have some of these books in stock. 

My favourite authors are Frances Cook, Mary Holm, and Martin Hawes. These financial advisors are from New Zealand. Their advice is just as applicable to other countries, well, most of it. It is just a matter of acting on what they say. That is, if it is applicable to your personal circumstances. 

Having some kind of vision for your life will make it meaningful and fulfilling and that requires a degree of vision. Just Go For It and take no notice of your detractors.

About this article

This article is of the opinion of the writer and may not be applicable to your personal circumstances, therefore discretion is advised. You may use this article as content for your ebook, website, or blog.

Read my other articles on www.robertastewart.com

How to respond to financial setbacks

 

Written by R.A.Stewart

In 2008 during the Global Financial Crisis, a company I had money invested in went bust. I had close to 7 grand invested in it but my initial investment was 5k. The interest rate the company offered investors was higher than what you would receive if investing for a fixed term with the banks. 

I had smaller amounts invested in other companies which went bust.

The company had assets in property and I thought that at least they had assets which could cover the loan if they ever went bust. Problem was, their assets were worth less than their liabilities.

It reminds me of the 1987 sharemarket crash, also known as “Black Monday” when investors borrowed money using the value of their shares as collateral and as the value of shares increased investors were able to borrow even more. 

That is until the crash when the value of their portfolio was worth less than the money owing on them.

A guy I worked with told me that he had mortgaged his house to purchase shares and was left with a debt which at that time will take years to pay off.

There are several ways in which people respond to financial setbacks such as those that have been described. Here are three:

  1. Stop investing in the markets

Some people who got their fingers burnt during Black Monday, stopped investing at all and just left their money in an ordinary savings account. These people may have avoided future share market shocks but they have also missed out on the market rises. Savings which are just left in a personal bank account will lose money if it is left there for any length of time when you consider the effect of inflation and taxation.

  1. Blame Others

During the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), a lot of investors lost money that they had invested in finance companies. A few had their entire life savings invested in some of these companies. Many blamed those in charge of the company for it going under. Not one of those who were interviewed by the TV reporter who covered their meetings took responsibility for their situation or even admitted that they made an error in placing all of their eggs in the one basket. Why did they not diversify their portfolio in order to minimize the risk of losing everything in one hit. Placing all of your eggs in the one basket is just like going to the races and putting all of your money on the one horse. It is easy to be upbeat when things are going well, but try getting along with someone who has taken a heavy loss.

When choosing where to invest, the question one has to ask is, “How will the loss of this money affect my lifestyle?”

Greed gets the better of some people, so much so, that they ignore all of the telltale warning signs. 

Financial experts warned investors about the risks of investing in financial companies which offer high interest rates, saying, “The high interest rates do not reflect the risk investors are taking with their money.”

  1. Learn from the experience

Then you can take it on the chin and accept that you made an error of judgement. Experience is an expensive teacher but you have to invest in order to gain experience and become financially literate. It is important to get over the fear of loss when investing for the long term. If you are investing for the short term such as for next summer’s vacation or for a car then you may want to invest conservatively.

The question that needs to be asked is, “How will the loss of this money affect my lifestyle?”

When I say loss, I mean if the share market drops by 5% or more. You lose only if you sell your shares. A 5% drop in the market is not a problem for those investing for the long or medium term. 

The only way to get experience is to invest. Experience is your best teacher; this applies to any job or activity which you undertake. You will make mistakes; don’t beat yourself up or blame others; learn the lesson and take that into your future decisions.

About this article

This article may not be applicable to your personal circumstances, therefore discretion is advised. You may use this article as content for your blog/website or ebook. 

Read my other articles on www.robertastewart.com

Your Money Your Responsibility 

Your Money Your Responsibility 

Written by R. A. Stewart

Your money is your responsibility. It is your choice what you do with it once it becomes yours, but you have the responsibility of how you manage your money. Being a good steward of money means being responsible for how you use it. This requires maturity.

Here are the main factors which will help you become a good steward of money.

  1. Gaining a financial education

It is your responsibility to become financially literate. In this day and age where there is so much information available on making the most of your money, it is inexcusable to be financially literate. 

All it may take for you to find books on personal finance is to just visit your local library. If you are prepared to spend a bit of money then you may find some good books at your local bookstore.

Frances Cook, Mary Holm, and Martin Hawes are excellent New Zealand authors of Financial books.

  1. Make your own decisions

Some people will get others to make decisions on their behalf, so that whenever something goes wrong they always have someone to blame. “You told me to invest in such and such company and now I have lost my money.” It is your money so that it is your responsibility to make the most of it. 

  1. Accept your own mistakes

Investing is a learning process. In order to become a good investor you need to invest and gain experience doing so. Mistakes will be made. The important thing is to learn from them and move on. 

  1. Living within your means.

It is your responsibility to live within your means. This means that if you choose to get married, have kids, or buy a car, then it is your responsibility to ensure that you are in a suitable financial position to do these things. 

  1. Pay all of your bills

Everyone has fixed costs such as utilities, phones, and whatever. It is the responsibility and the mature thing to pay all of these on time. A bad credit rating can hurt your chances of obtaining a mortgage in the future.

  1. Save a portion of your income

It is your responsibility to save a portion of your income to provide some kind of cushion for a future financial setback. Establishing a rainy day fund is always suggested by financial experts.

  1. Listen to wise advice

The markets went up and down and they were all down after President Trump announced tariffs on overseas imports to the US. The experts in New Zealand were advising investors to remain calm during this time and not to react to the market slide by changing funds. “This is the nature of the markets,” they said. Many did change funds and when the markets recovered the losses, these people missed out on the gains. As a result, their kiwisaver balances took a hit. 

Your financial plan has to take into consideration the market volatility. The question is, “If the market dropped 5% or whatever, how will this affect my lifestyle?”

If you have ten or so years remaining till you retire then the answer is that it won’t in the short or medium term. 

It is your responsibility to heed advice when it is given but at the same time have the common sense to know whether the advice is good or bad.

Once you have gained enough experience at investing you will have the know how to discern whether advice is good or bad and what the motive is behind the person giving the advice.

About this article: The opinions expressed are those of the writer and may not be applicable to your personal circumstances therefore discretion is advised. You may use this article as content for your blog/website or ebook.

Read my other articles at www.robertastewart.com

Kiwisaver Benefits for KIwis

Are you throwing money away?

 

Written by R. A. Stewart

 

New Zealand’s kiwisaver scheme is a retirement scheme for New Zealanders. There are many features and benefits of joining kiwisaver.

What is the difference between a feature and a benefit?

A feature of kiwisaver is that the money is locked up until you reach the age of 65.

The benefit is that you will have a nest egg waiting for you when you retire.

Here is the main benefit of kiwisaver. 

The government will deposit $520 into your kiwisaver providing your contribution is at least $1040 during that financial year.

People who are not contributing to kiwisaver or have not even joined are missing out on all of this money.

Why?

It is hard to fathom why anyone would not join kiwisaver. 

There will not be a single person who reaches the age of 65 who regrets that they contributed to kiwisaver all of their lives.

It is a matter of asking the question, “What will my future self thank my present self for”?

The key to kiwisaver is to keep contributing irrespective of what the markets are doing. 

Investors will be rewarded for their consistency.

Some people have prioritized other things such as sky TV, cats and dogs, lotto, smoking, and booze over their future prosperity.

It is all about choice and it is something everyone has. 

Any New Zealander is able to join kiwisaver.

Any one of any age, from the day a baby is born to those already retired. 

It is important to point out that only those aged from 18-65 are eligible for the government money. It is still worthwhile for those age groups which are not eligible for the government top up to join kiwisaver because it will give the young ones a head start in life and who knows, a rich uncle may leave them some money in his will. It doesn’t pay to fall out with your family by making false allegations about your cousin.

The retired folk can treat kiwisaver as an investment; one which you have access to.

There are circumstances when you are able to withdraw money from kiwisaver, they are:

(a) For bond money if applying for a flat to rent, but only under thirty year olds are eligible to apply.

(b) You may use a portion of your kiwisaver as a deposit on your first home. Most people who take this option are in their thirties.

(c) Moving overseas permanently.

(d) Terminal illness

(e) Hardship

There are some hoops to jump through when trying to withdraw your kiwisaver for hardship reasons. 

There are several books on personal finance which I recommend with my favourite New Zealand authors being Frances Cook, Mary Holm, and Martin Hawes. Check them out. Maybe your local library will stock their books.

With so much information on personal finance available there is no excuse for being financially illiterate. Not joining kiwisaver when you have the means to is just stupidity.

If you are one of these people then you are just throwing money away

About this article:

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What Is an Investor’s Risk Profile? (And Why It Matters)

Factors which determine your Risk Profile:

Written by R. A. Stewart

Your risk profile is the amount of risk you are advised to take with your investments. There are many factors which determine your risk profile with the main one being whether the money you are investing is needed in the short term, medium term, or long term. 

Short term is when you need the money within 12 months

Medium Term is when you need the money within 5 years

Long term is when you need the money in more than five years time

Here are the main factors in determining your risk factor:

Factor 1: Your age

Young people have one thing in their favour which the older ones don’t have and that is time. The young ones have more time to recover from financial setbacks such as a share market crash, a job loss, or whatever, therefore are about to invest in growth funds which can be volatile. Older people need to be a little more conservative. New Zealand financial advisor Frances Cook has a formula for working out what percentage of your portfolio should be in shares; it is this: subtract your age from 100. Even if you are in your twenties that does not mean you should be reckless with your money and invest into some kind of risky venture. 

Factor 2:Your health

Your health is a major factor in determining your risk factor. If you have a health condition which requires or may require expensive medical treatment in the future then investing in growth funds may not be your best option because you do not want to lose your money just when you need it. This does not mean that you should not invest anything in growth funds but just not most of it. It may be a good idea to set up a bank account for those medical bills.

Factor 3: Your Personal Circumstances

Your own personal circumstances need to be taken into account. If you are single with no commitments then you will be able to take more risks with your money than someone who is married with children.

Factor 4: Your Debts

Your debts are a big factor in what you should do with your money. There is no point in investing your money at 5% interest when you are paying 15% interest on your loans. People with debts have a responsibility to pay off their own debts and need to prioritise that before turning their attention to investing. 

Factor 5: Your Temperament

Your temperament is a factor. If you are going to lose sleep at the thought of losing your money; something which can happen if you are investing in the share market, then going for more conservative funds is better for you but when it comes to long term investing such as your retirement fund then investing too conservatively will mean that you will likely end up with a lot less money in the kitty when you retire.

About this article

This article is of the opinion of the writer and may not be applicable to your own personal circumstances, therefore discretion is advised.

You may use this article as content for your blog or ebook. Feel free to share this article with others.

www.robertastewart.com

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Share market falls on the back of Trump Tariffs

Markets tumble

Written by R. A. Stewart

The markets have taken a tumble after President Trump’s tariffs have started a trade war.

The newspapers have reported that Kiwisaver balance will be affected on this. This is stating the obvious. Kiwisaver balances may have dropped, but a lot of people are decades away from retirement so how the markets are performing in 2025 is not going to affect how much they have in kiwisaver when they retire in 2035 and beyond.

It all boils down to selecting the right fund for your risk profile. Money invested falls into one of three categories. Short-term money, medium term money, or long-term money depending on when you are going to be needing that money.

Other factors which come into it are your age, health, and commitments.

The share market goes up and down and the recent (March 2025) tumble is mainly due to the tariffs which President Trump has imposed on goods from certain countries, namely steel. 

Losses are only on paper, but investors who react to recent events and change to conservative funds will lock in those losses and miss out on the gains when the markets rebound. 

The United States will have a new President in four years time, and it certainly will not be Donald Trump in charge then so the markets will certainly bounce back then, if it had not prior to that.

Changing to conservative funds is not the only way to lose during a market slump. The others are to stop contributing to your retirement fund or if you are already retired, make withdrawals from kiwisaver.

With everything being said, it is not the current market slump which will determine how much your retirement portfolio is worth when you retire but how you react to market volatility and that is all down to the choices you make. 

Here is a list of choices which will affect your kiwisaver balance when you retire:

  1. Changing from a growth or balanced fund to a conservative fund.
  2. Stop contributing to your retirement fund.
  3. Withdraw money from your kiwisaver.
  4. Chopping and changing from one type of fund to another.

No one is going to reach the retirement age and regret that they made contributions to their retirement fund. Ask yourself this question, “Will my future self thank me for investing my money instead of wasting it?”

Your retirement fund can only be accessed when you reach the retirement age, therefore you need an alternative source of funds to cover any future financial needs. There are lots of online investing platforms available where you can invest a minimal sum of money regularly and still have easy access to your funds. If you are from New Zealand or Australia, sharesies is a good option for you. This gives you easy access to the share market.  Check out Sharesies Here

About this article

The opinions expressed in this article are of the writer’s own opinion and may not be applicable to your personal circumstances, therefore discretion is advised. 

Disclaimer: I may receive a small commission if you join sharesies.

You may use this article in full or part as content for your blog or ebook. Check out my other articles on www.robertastewart.com